Shelf: Thorax Flashcards
Describe the mammary glands
modified sweat glands with 15 to 20 lactiferous ducts opening onto the nipple
connective tissue creates ligaments (suspensory ligaments of cooper) to connect dermis to skin
Retromammary Bursa
contents and location
contains loose connective tissue
anterior to the pectoral fascia
Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper
connect the dermis of the skin to the posterior capsule
What’s the cause of peau d’orange?
lymphatic infiltration of tissues putting stress on the suspensory ligaments of cooper
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
slit like space between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura along the inferior border of the lung
How can you tell if there’s fluid in the costodiaphragmatic recess?
there is no longer a sharp angle b/w the diaphragm and the ribs; more “blunt”
Potential consequences of kidney biopsy
due to the location of the kidney under the diaphragm, pneumothorax is a complication of renal biopsy
if pleural punctured during procedure, fluid can collect in costomediastinal space or costovertebral space
Describe brachiopulmonary segmental anatomy
trachea divides at the carina into left and right main stem bronchi which makes them secondary/lobar bronchi
this gives rise to smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the alveoli
What’s the smallest level of tracheal division that you can resect without issues? Why/
tertiary bronchus
each segment has its own pulmnonary arterial branch, so each bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by its own bronchus and artery
Pneumothorax
what is it?
locate on radiograph?
what: air in the pleural space causes the lung to collapse
how: white line underneath black space indicates the visceral pleura
Tension vs. Spontaneous Pneumothorax
tension: intrapleural air accumulates progressively, shifting the mediastinum to the opposite side
spontaneous: usually due to injury
Which type of pneumothorax is a medical emergency?
tension
What’s the most anterior part of the heart?
right ventricle
Describe the relationship of the vagus and phrenic nerves to the aortic arch, root of the lung, and esophagus
vagus: posterior
phrenic: anterior
List the sites of auscultation for the heart valves
aortic: right 2nd intercostal space
pulmonary: left 2nd intercostal space
tricuspid: lower part of sternal body
mitral: left 5th intercostal space
