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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Block 4: Lab 23--Neck, Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands > Flashcards

Block 4: Lab 23--Neck, Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae

A

small bodies
large vertebral foramina
bifid spinous processes
transverse process w/a transverse foramen

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

anterior: posterior border of SCM
posterior: superior boundary of trapezius
inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle

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3
Q

What make up the roof and the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

roof: investing layer of deep cervical fascia
floor: muscles of the neck covered by prevertebral facia

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4
Q

List the suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric muscle (2 muscle bellies)
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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5
Q

List the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid

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6
Q

Describe the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles

A 
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) : sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid 
C1 via hypoglossal nerve: thyrohyoid
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7
Q

Describe the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric: nerve to mylohyoid (anterior belly); facial nerve (posterior belly)

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8
Q

Innervation of the stylohyoid muscle

A

Facial N (CN VII)

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9
Q

What nerves are located in the anterior triangle?

A

cranial nerves (some pass through, some give rise to branches, some innervate structures within the triangle)

facial nerve (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX) 
vagus (X) 
accessory (XI) 
hypoglossal (XII) 
transverse cervical (C2, C3) 
ansa cervicalis
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10
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

carotid triangle
submental triangle
submandibular triangle

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle

A

superior: posterior belly of digastric muscle
lateral: medial border of SCM
inferior: superior belly of omohyoid muscle

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12
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
hypoglossal & vagus nerves

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13
Q

Describe the carotid sinus

A

a dilated portion of the common & internal carotid arteries that contains baroreceptors that detect stretch as a measure of blood pressure

the glossopharyngeal nerve feeds this information to the brain to regulate blood pressure

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14
Q

Contents of the submental triangle

A

submental lymph nodes

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15
Q

Borders of the submental triangle

A

inferior: hyoid bone
medial: midline of neck
lateral: anterior belly of digastric

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16
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle

A

submandibular (salivary) glands, lymph nodes, facial artery & vein

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17
Q

Borders of the submandibular triangle

A

superior: body of mandible
anterior: anterior belly of digastric muscle
posterior: posterior belly of digastric muscle

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18
Q

Describe the location and structure of the thyroid gland

A

location: C5-T1
structure: 2 lobes connected by an isthmus; sometimes there is a 3rd lobe thats a remnant of embryological development

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19
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery (mostly supplies posterioinferior portions & the parathyroid glands)
thyroid IMA artery (only in 2-12% of population but clinically significant)

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20
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

superior and middle thyroid veins

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21
Q

Describe the relationship b/w the thyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve is near/within the tissues associated w/ the thyroid gland
damage to this nerve during thyroidectomy or compression by a tumor can lead to paralysis of the laryngeal muscles

22
Q

Difference b/w right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

right: descends into the chest cavity and hooks around the subclavian artery
left: descends into chest cavity and hooks around the arch of the aorta

23
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid glands

A

goes from perithyroid nodes to prelaryngeal nodes, then to pre or paratracheal nodes

24
Q

F(x) of the parathyroid glands

A

production of parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for maintaining calcium levels in the body

25
Q

What is the location of the parathyroid glands?

A

posterior aspect of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

26
Q

Arterial supply to the parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid arteries

27
Q

What nerves pass through the posterior triangle?

A

branches of the cervical plexus
accessory nerve
some brachial plexus components

28
Q 
Cervical Plexus 
what is it? 
anterior rami 
formed in 
branches
A

what: network of nerve fibers that supply innervation to the structures of the neck and trunk
anterior rami: C1-C4
formed in: muscles making up the floor of the posterior triangle, within the prevertebral fascia
branches: superficial (cutaneous); deep (muscular)

29
Q

F(x) of the muscular branches of the cervical plexus

A

supply muscles of the neck, back, & diaphragm

30
Q

What are the muscular branches of the cervical plexus?

A

phrenic nerve
nerves to geniohyoid & thyrohyiod
ansa cervicalis

31
Q

Phrenic Nerve
anterior rami
course
innervation

A

anterior rami: C3-C5
course: travels down surface of the anterior scalene muscle and enters the diaphragm
f(x); innervates the diaphragm

32
Q

Nerves to Geniohyoid & Thyrohyoid

anterior rami
course

A

anterior rami: C1

course: travels w/ hypoglossal nerve

33
Q

Ansa Cervicalis
anterior rami
course

A

anterior rami: C1-C3

course: gives off 4 muscular branches that innervate the infrahyoid muscles

34
Q

Function of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus

A

supply the skin of the neck, upper thorax, scalp, and ear

35
Q

Where do the superficial branches of the cervical plexus enter the skin?

A

at erb’s point

36
Q

Erb’s Point
where is it?
significance

A

where: middle of posterior border of SCM
significance: utilized during a cervical plexus block

37
Q

What are the deep branches of the cervical plexus?

A

lesser occipital nerve
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
supraclavicular nerve

38
Q

Lesser Occipital Nerve
anterior rami
f(x)
course

A

anterior rami: C2 w/ contribution from C1
f(x): cutaneous sensation to the posterosuperior scalp
course: curves around the accessory nerve

39
Q

Great Auricular Nerve
anterior rami
f(x)

A

anterior rami: C2 & C3 roots

f(x): provide sensation to the external ear & skin over the parotid gland

40
Q

Transverse Cervical Nerve
anterior rami
f(x)

A

anterior rami: C3 to C4

F(x): innervation to skin overlying the supraclavicular fossa & upper thoracic region

41
Q

Accessory Nerve f(x)

A

innervates trapezius & sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

Facial Nerve f(x)

A

INN: platysma muscle; gives off branches that innervate the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

43
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
sensory innervation
special sensory

A

sensory: pharynx, carotid body & sinus, posterior 1/3 tongue
special: taste sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

44
Q

Vagus Nerve
course
branches

A

enters the carotid sheath and descends medially to the internal jugular vein, internal carotid and common carotid arteries

45
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

f(x)

A

innervates the tongue

46
Q

Transverse Cervical Nerve
anterior rami
innervates

A

anterior rami: C2-C3

innervates: cutaneous innervation to the neck

47
Q

Ansa Cervicalis
anterior rami:
innervates

A

anterior rami: C1 to C3

innervation: strap muscles of the neck

48
Q

external jugular vein formed by
supplies
course

A

posterior auricular + retromandibular vein union

supplies: majority of face
course: anterior to sternocleidomastoid, extremely superficial

49
Q

Signifiance of the extremely superficial nature of the course of the external jugular vein

A

makes it vulnerable to damage;

50
Q

Origin of the R vs L carotid artery

A

R: originates from brachiocephalic trunk
L: branches directly from the arch of aorta

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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