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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Block 3: Limb Review > Flashcards

Block 3: Limb Review Flashcards

1
Q

Biceps tendon reflex

A

C5, C6 (mainly C6)

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2
Q

Triceps tendon reflex

A

C6, C7 (mainly C7)

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3
Q

Patellar tendon reflex

A

L2, L3, L4

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4
Q

Achilles tendon reflex

A

S1, S2

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5
Q

Where is the quadrangular space? What passes through the quadrangular Space

A

gap in the posterior wall of the axilla

s(x)’s: axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery

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6
Q

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus affects what nerve

A

axillary nerve

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7
Q

Function of the deltoid muscle?

A

abduction

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8
Q

Function of the teres minor muscle?

A

external rotation

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9
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the axillary nerve?

A

posterolateral shoulder

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10
Q

What contributes to abduction greater than 90 degrees?

A

serratus anterior

trapezius

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11
Q

List the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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12
Q

How do you injury the axillary nerve?

A
  1. fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
  2. quadrangular space compression
  3. shoulder dislocation
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13
Q

When does the long thoracic nerve get injured

A

during mastectomies

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14
Q

Medial winging of the scapula

A

caused by long thoracic nerve injury; can no longer anchor down the medial border to the thoracic cage

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15
Q

Radial nerve innervates (motor/sensory)

A

motor: posterior compartment of the arm and forearm
sensory: dorsum of the arm, forehand, hand

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16
Q

What is the path of the radial nerve?

A

travels around the humerus in the radial groove

crosses anterior to the lateral epicondyle

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17
Q

Describe the split of the radial nerve

A

splits into the deep branch (motor) and superficial branch (sensory)

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18
Q

Describe the course of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

pierces the supinator and continues as the posterior interosseous nerve

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19
Q

What causes wrist drop?

A

damage to the radial nerve

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20
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

anterior compartment of the forearm
hand (not thenar)
sensory (medial hand–palmar & dorsal), pinky and half of ring finger

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21
Q

What is the terminal branch of the medial cord?

A

ulnar nerve

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22
Q

Determine the route of the ulnar nerve

A

passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, gives off sensory branch to dorsal palm, passes through gunyon/ulnar canal in wrist

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23
Q

What is the ulnar surrounded by in the wrist?

A

pisiform and hamate

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24
Q

Fracture of the hook of hamate

A

leads to ulnar nerve compression

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25
Q

Median Nerve Innervation

A

forearm: all except FCU & 1/2 FDP
hand: 1st 2 lumbricals, thenar muslecs
sensory: palmar aspect of lateral hand, tips of innervated fingers

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26
Q

What is the result of a supracondylar fracture of the humreus?

A

injures the median nerve

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27
Q

Describe the route of the median nerve

A

crosses medial to the biceps brachii tendon & artery
passes b/w head of the pronator teres
splits to median nerve proper & AIN

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28
Q

Recurrent branch of the median nerve injury

A

easy to injure b/c it is superficial

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29
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A 
1 Median Nerve 
9 Tendons (4 of FDP/FDS; 1 FPL)
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30
Q

Tinel’s test

A

tap the carpal tunnel to innervate the nerve

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31
Q

Pronator Teres Syndrome

A

median nerve compression b/w the pronator teres heads

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32
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?

A

pierces the coracobrachialis

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33
Q

Sensory of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

lateral forearm

34
Q

Where does the suprascapular nerve travel?

A

under the transverse scapular ligament

35
Q

How to injure the suprascapular nerve

A

compression under the transverse scapular ligament

compression around the greater scapular notch

36
Q

List the courses for the cephalic and basilic vein

A

cephalic: lateral, originates @ anatomic snuffbox
basilic: medial

37
Q

Median Cubital Vein

A

goes across the bicipital aponeurosis

38
Q

Greater saphenous vein

A

medial

39
Q

List the femoral triangle

A

NAVL

Nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics (lateral to medial)

40
Q

contents of the cubital fossa (lateral to medial)

A

biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve

41
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

provides superior-inferior stability of the shoulder joint

42
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament

A

provides AP stability of the shoulder joint

43
Q

What is the most common shoulder dislocation

A

anterior most common

posterior due to seizure or electrocution

44
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

high pressure in tight fascia leads to no blood flow and an emergency fasciotomy is needed

45
Q

Volkmann’s Contracture

A

ischemia, flexor muscles die, fibrosis

46
Q

FOOSH is associated with

A

supracondylar fracture
colles’ fracture
scaphoid

47
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

dorsal displacement of the distal fragment of the radius

48
Q

What’s the most commonly broken hand bone? Issue?

A

scaphoid bone; avascular necrosis

49
Q

What is the most common dislocated hand bone?

A

lunate bone

50
Q

Boxer’s Fracture

A

metarpal neck

51
Q

Nursemaid’s Neck

A

radial head subluxes out of the annular ligament

52
Q

What is the blood supply to the hip in adults

A

medial femoral circumflex artery

53
Q

What is the blood supply to the hip in children?

A

minor contribution from the ligament of the head of the femur (via the obturator)

54
Q

Butt injections want to avoid

A

the superficial gluteal nerve

sciatic nerve

55
Q

Safe place to do butt injections

A

superolateral quadrant

56
Q

Most likely to injure the sciatic nerve via

A

posterior hip dislocation

57
Q

What is the presentation of a posterior hip disloation?

A

leg is shortened, adducted & internally rotated

58
Q

What is the presentation of a hip fracture

A

leg is externally rotated

59
Q

Trendelenberg sign is a result of

A

paralysis of gluteus medius/minimus due to superior gluteal nerve injury leads to loss of abduction

60
Q

Trendelenberg sign

A

drop of the contralateral side with lean to the ipsilateral sign

61
Q

What happens in an obturator nerve injury?

A

decreased sensation over the medial thigh

62
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

tibial nerve
popliteal vein
popliteal artery

63
Q

What is the deepest artery near the knee joint?

A

popliteal artery

64
Q

Knee dislocation can endanger

A

the popliteal artery

65
Q

Tibial Nerve Loss

motor
sensory

A

motor: can’t stand on toes (plantarflex)
sensation: sole of foot

66
Q

Fibular neck frature leads to

A

common peroneal nerve injury, leading to foot drop

67
Q

How would you distinguish between a deep peroneal nerve injury vs. common peroneal nerve injury?

A

in common peroneal

sensory loss: no sensation only in area between the 2 medial toes

68
Q

What are the knee liaments?

A

ACL (anterior cruciate; lateral to medial)
PCL (posterior cruciate; medial to lateral)
medial collateral (MCL)
lateral collateral

69
Q

which ligament of the knee is susceptible to valgus stress? Varus?

A

valgus: MCL
varus: LCL

70
Q

Unhappy Triad

A

lateral strike (valgus stress)

tibial/medial collateral ligament
ACL
meniscus

71
Q

Inversion ankle sprain caused by

A

anteriortalofibular ligament

72
Q

Pott’s Fracture

A

Eversion

deltiod ligament
medial malleolus fracture
higher level fibular fracture

73
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

plantar surface pain from calcaneal spur

74
Q

Spring Ligament

A

supports the medial arch and most of the weight of the foot

75
Q

Dancer’s Fracture

A

5th metatarsal avulsion

76
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

superior: inguinal ligament
lateral: sartorious
medial: adductor longus

77
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

(from lateral to medial)

femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal (which contains deep lymph nodes)

the femoral artery, vein, and canal are within the femoral sheath

78
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

part of the bowel pushes through the inguinal canal, under the inguinal ligament

79
Q

Suprascapular Notch Significance

A

the susprascapular artery goes above the notch to anastoamose w/ the circumflex scapular

80
Q

Superficial branches of the Femoral Artery

A

superficial pudendal
superficial epigastric
superficial circumflex iliac

81
Q

List the main branches of the axillary artery

A

first part: superior thoracic
second part: thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic
third part: subscapular artery, anterior & posterior circumflex

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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