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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Block 3: Limb Review > Flashcards

Block 3: Limb Review Flashcards

1
Q

Biceps tendon reflex

A

C5, C6 (mainly C6)

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2
Q

Triceps tendon reflex

A

C6, C7 (mainly C7)

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3
Q

Patellar tendon reflex

A

L2, L3, L4

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4
Q

Achilles tendon reflex

A

S1, S2

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5
Q

Where is the quadrangular space? What passes through the quadrangular Space

A

gap in the posterior wall of the axilla

s(x)’s: axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery

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6
Q

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus affects what nerve

A

axillary nerve

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7
Q

Function of the deltoid muscle?

A

abduction

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8
Q

Function of the teres minor muscle?

A

external rotation

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9
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the axillary nerve?

A

posterolateral shoulder

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10
Q

What contributes to abduction greater than 90 degrees?

A

serratus anterior

trapezius

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11
Q

List the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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12
Q

How do you injury the axillary nerve?

A
  1. fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
  2. quadrangular space compression
  3. shoulder dislocation
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13
Q

When does the long thoracic nerve get injured

A

during mastectomies

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14
Q

Medial winging of the scapula

A

caused by long thoracic nerve injury; can no longer anchor down the medial border to the thoracic cage

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15
Q

Radial nerve innervates (motor/sensory)

A

motor: posterior compartment of the arm and forearm
sensory: dorsum of the arm, forehand, hand

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16
Q

What is the path of the radial nerve?

A

travels around the humerus in the radial groove

crosses anterior to the lateral epicondyle

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17
Q

Describe the split of the radial nerve

A

splits into the deep branch (motor) and superficial branch (sensory)

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18
Q

Describe the course of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

pierces the supinator and continues as the posterior interosseous nerve

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19
Q

What causes wrist drop?

A

damage to the radial nerve

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20
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

anterior compartment of the forearm
hand (not thenar)
sensory (medial hand–palmar & dorsal), pinky and half of ring finger

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21
Q

What is the terminal branch of the medial cord?

A

ulnar nerve

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22
Q

Determine the route of the ulnar nerve

A

passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, gives off sensory branch to dorsal palm, passes through gunyon/ulnar canal in wrist

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23
Q

What is the ulnar surrounded by in the wrist?

A

pisiform and hamate

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24
Q

Fracture of the hook of hamate

A

leads to ulnar nerve compression

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25
Median Nerve Innervation
forearm: all except FCU & 1/2 FDP hand: 1st 2 lumbricals, thenar muslecs sensory: palmar aspect of lateral hand, tips of innervated fingers
26
What is the result of a supracondylar fracture of the humreus?
injures the median nerve
27
Describe the route of the median nerve
crosses medial to the biceps brachii tendon & artery passes b/w head of the pronator teres splits to median nerve proper & AIN
28
Recurrent branch of the median nerve injury
easy to injure b/c it is superficial
29
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
``` 1 Median Nerve 9 Tendons (4 of FDP/FDS; 1 FPL) ```
30
Tinel's test
tap the carpal tunnel to innervate the nerve
31
Pronator Teres Syndrome
median nerve compression b/w the pronator teres heads
32
What does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?
pierces the coracobrachialis
33
Sensory of the musculocutaneous nerve
lateral forearm
34
Where does the suprascapular nerve travel?
under the transverse scapular ligament
35
How to injure the suprascapular nerve
compression under the transverse scapular ligament | compression around the greater scapular notch
36
List the courses for the cephalic and basilic vein
cephalic: lateral, originates @ anatomic snuffbox basilic: medial
37
Median Cubital Vein
goes across the bicipital aponeurosis
38
Greater saphenous vein
medial
39
List the femoral triangle
NAVL Nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics (lateral to medial)
40
contents of the cubital fossa (lateral to medial)
biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve
41
Coracoclavicular ligament
provides superior-inferior stability of the shoulder joint
42
Acromioclavicular ligament
provides AP stability of the shoulder joint
43
What is the most common shoulder dislocation
anterior most common | posterior due to seizure or electrocution
44
Compartment Syndrome
high pressure in tight fascia leads to no blood flow and an emergency fasciotomy is needed
45
Volkmann's Contracture
ischemia, flexor muscles die, fibrosis
46
FOOSH is associated with
supracondylar fracture colles' fracture scaphoid
47
Colles' Fracture
dorsal displacement of the distal fragment of the radius
48
What's the most commonly broken hand bone? Issue?
scaphoid bone; avascular necrosis
49
What is the most common dislocated hand bone?
lunate bone
50
Boxer's Fracture
metarpal neck
51
Nursemaid's Neck
radial head subluxes out of the annular ligament
52
What is the blood supply to the hip in adults
medial femoral circumflex artery
53
What is the blood supply to the hip in children?
minor contribution from the ligament of the head of the femur (via the obturator)
54
Butt injections want to avoid
the superficial gluteal nerve | sciatic nerve
55
Safe place to do butt injections
superolateral quadrant
56
Most likely to injure the sciatic nerve via
posterior hip dislocation
57
What is the presentation of a posterior hip disloation?
leg is shortened, adducted & internally rotated
58
What is the presentation of a hip fracture
leg is externally rotated
59
Trendelenberg sign is a result of
paralysis of gluteus medius/minimus due to superior gluteal nerve injury leads to loss of abduction
60
Trendelenberg sign
drop of the contralateral side with lean to the ipsilateral sign
61
What happens in an obturator nerve injury?
decreased sensation over the medial thigh
62
Popliteal Fossa
tibial nerve popliteal vein popliteal artery
63
What is the deepest artery near the knee joint?
popliteal artery
64
Knee dislocation can endanger
the popliteal artery
65
Tibial Nerve Loss motor sensory
motor: can't stand on toes (plantarflex) sensation: sole of foot
66
Fibular neck frature leads to
common peroneal nerve injury, leading to foot drop
67
How would you distinguish between a deep peroneal nerve injury vs. common peroneal nerve injury?
in common peroneal sensory loss: no sensation only in area between the 2 medial toes
68
What are the knee liaments?
ACL (anterior cruciate; lateral to medial) PCL (posterior cruciate; medial to lateral) medial collateral (MCL) lateral collateral
69
which ligament of the knee is susceptible to valgus stress? Varus?
valgus: MCL varus: LCL
70
Unhappy Triad
lateral strike (valgus stress) tibial/medial collateral ligament ACL meniscus
71
Inversion ankle sprain caused by
anteriortalofibular ligament
72
Pott's Fracture
Eversion deltiod ligament medial malleolus fracture higher level fibular fracture
73
Plantar Fasciitis
plantar surface pain from calcaneal spur
74
Spring Ligament
supports the medial arch and most of the weight of the foot
75
Dancer's Fracture
5th metatarsal avulsion
76
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
superior: inguinal ligament lateral: sartorious medial: adductor longus
77
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
(from lateral to medial) femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein femoral canal (which contains deep lymph nodes) the femoral artery, vein, and canal are within the femoral sheath
78
Femoral Hernia
part of the bowel pushes through the inguinal canal, under the inguinal ligament
79
Suprascapular Notch Significance
the susprascapular artery goes above the notch to anastoamose w/ the circumflex scapular
80
Superficial branches of the Femoral Artery
superficial pudendal superficial epigastric superficial circumflex iliac
81
List the main branches of the axillary artery
first part: superior thoracic second part: thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic third part: subscapular artery, anterior & posterior circumflex

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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