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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Block 2: Abdominal and Pelvis Nerve Overview > Flashcards

Block 2: Abdominal and Pelvis Nerve Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Paravertebral plexus extends from

A

thorax to abdomen

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2
Q

Paravertebral plexus

# of ganglia 
type of ganglia
A

4 ganglia

sympathetic

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3
Q

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves carry what fibers?

A

preganglionic sympathetic & visceral afferents

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4
Q

Gray Rami Communicantes carry what fibers?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

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5
Q

Function of the prevertebral plexus

A

innervates the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

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6
Q

Types of fibers you can find in prevertebral plexus

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

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7
Q

Splanchnic Nerve Fibers: afferent or efferent; parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

visceral afferents and efferentes

mainly sympathetic except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are parasympathetic only

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8
Q

Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve contributions to prevertebral plexus

A

contribute preganglionic sympatethetic & visceral afferent fibers to the prevertebral plexus

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9
Q

Vagus Nerve contribution to prevertebral plexus

A

preganglionic parasympathetic and visceral afferent

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10
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve contribution to prevertebral plexus

A

preganglionic parasypathetic

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11
Q

What is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of the abdomen?

A

the vagus nerve (to the splenic flexure)

the rest is the pelvic splanchnic nerves (distal colon, pelvic organs)

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12
Q

What is responsible for sympathetic innervation of the abdomen

A

thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater lesser least)

lumbar splanchnic nerves

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13
Q

What is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of the abdomen?

A

CN X

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves S2-S4

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14
Q

How do the pelvic splanchnic nerve fibers get up into the abdomen for parasympathetic innervation?

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

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15
Q

Greater Splanchnic Nerve Contents, Location

A

T5-T9

celiac & superior mesenteric ganglia

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16
Q

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve Contents, Location

A

T10-T11

aorticorenal ganglia

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17
Q

Least Splancnic Nerve Contents, Location

A

T12

Renal Plexus

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18
Q

Celiac Plexus Fibers

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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19
Q

Superior Mesenteric Plexus Fibers

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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20
Q

Renal Plexus Fibers

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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21
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Plexus Fibers

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

Superior Hypogastric Plexus Fibers

A

Sympathetic

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23
Q

Why does parasympathetic innervation of the abdomen stop after the renal plexus?

A

b/c the vagus nerve doesn’t innervate past the splenic flexure

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24
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve innervates

A

foregut (supplies postsynaptic fibers to foregut)

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25
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve innervates

A

midgut (postsynaptic fibers to midgut and renal plexus)

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26
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Abdomen

A

vagus nerve (foregut and midgut); pelvic splanchnic nerves (hindgut)

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27
Q

Foregut Referred pain
caused by:
location:

A

caused by: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

location: lower thorax & epigastric

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28
Q

Midgut Referred pain
caused by:
location:

A

caused by: lesser splanchnic nerve (T9-T10)

location: umbilical region

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29
Q

Kidneys & Proximal Ureter Referred Pain
caused by:
location:

A

caused by: least splanchnic nerve (T12)

location: flank

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30
Q

Hindgut and Distal Ureter Referred Pain
caused by:
location:

A

caused by: lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1, L2)

location: pubic region, lateral and anterior thigh, groin

31
Q

What are the visceral plexuses?

A

Prevertebral and Paravertebral Plexus

32
Q

What are the somatic plexuses of the abdomen?

A

Lumbar Plexus

33
Q

Lumbar plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami L1-L3
some of anterior rami L4
contribution from T12

34
Q

What are the branches of the lumbar plexus?

A 
Contribution from T12 (subcostal nerve) 
Iliohypogastric Nerve (L1)
Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1) 
Genitofemoral Nerve (L1, L2) 
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh (L2, L3)
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4) 
Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
35
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus form?

A

deep to and within the psoas major muscle

36
Q

How to identify the subcostal nerve

A

just below the 12th rib

typically the shortest

37
Q

How to identify the iliohypogastric nerve

A

travels obliquely across quadratus lumborum, pierces the transverse abdominis superior to the iliac crest

38
Q

How to identify the ilioinguinal nerve

A

travels obliquely across quadratus lumborum, travels along iliac crest, then travels w/ the spermatic cord/round ligament of the uterus to reach the superficial inguinal reing

39
Q

Is the ilioinguinal nerve considered part of the inguinal canal? Why or why not?

A

no

does not pass through the deep inguinal ring

40
Q

How to identify the genitofemoral nerve

A

pierces the psoas major (originates deep to the psoas then splits into 2

41
Q

Genital Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve Location

A

deep inguinal ring to the inguinal canal

42
Q

Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve npathway

A

travels deep to inguinal ligament to enter anterior thigh

43
Q

How to identify the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

lateral border of psoas major, deep to inguinal ligament and goes to the thigh

44
Q

What is the biggest branch of the sacral plexus?

A

femoral nerve

45
Q

How to identify obturator nerve

A

only one to emerge medially from psoas major

only branch that travels inferiorly (to the obturator canal)

46
Q

What are the somatic plexuses of the pelvis?

A 
sacral plexus (mainly somatic, some autonomic) 
coccygeal plexus
47
Q

What are the visceral plexuses of the pelvis?

A

paravertebral sympathetic chain
pelvic extension of superior hypogastric plexus
parasympathetic fibers
visceral afferent fibers

48
Q

Where is the sacral plexus?

A

anterior to the piriformis muscle

49
Q

Sacral plexus contents

A

formed by ventral rami of S1-S4 and the lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)

pelvic splanchnic nerves

50
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve Fibers

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

51
Q

What are the paths fo the sacral plexus nerves?

A

exit superiorly to piriformis: superior gluteal
exit inferiorly to piriformis: inferior gluteal, nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, sciatic nerve

52
Q 
Pudendal Nerve 
motor f(x) 
sensory f(x)
A

motor: skeletal muscles in peritoneum, external urethral and anal sphincter, levator ani muscles
sensory: penis and clitoris, skin of perineum

53
Q

Coccygeal Plexus Contents

A

S5 and coccygeal nerve

54
Q

Visceral Plexuses of the Pelvis

A

paravertebral sympathetic chain
parasympathetic fibers
pelvic extensions of superior hypogastric plexus
visceral afferent fibers

55
Q

Paravertebral Sympathetic Chain characteristics

A

inferior ends of sympathetic trunk w/ 4 ganglia

forms a single terminal ganglion (ganglion impar)

56
Q

What types of fibers do the paravertebral sympathetic chain provide?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

57
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve Fibers

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers only

58
Q

Pelvic Splancnic Nerves f(x)

A

erection of the penis and clitoris

59
Q

Superior Hypogastric Plexus
location
fibers

A

location: anterior to bifurcartion of aorta and sacral promontory
fibers: sympathetic fibers

60
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus formed by

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) and superior hypogastric nerves (sympathetic)

61
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus carries what type of fibers

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
visceral afferent fibers

62
Q

Function of inferior hypogastric plexus

A

innervates pelvic viscera and erectile tissues

63
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves receive contributions from what levels?

A

S2-S4

64
Q

Gray Rami Communciantes f(x) (in pelvis)

A

connect sympathetic trunk and the sacral ventral rami

65
Q

Sacral Splanchnic Nerve contents

A

pre and post ganglionic fibers, mostly pre-ganglionic

66
Q

Hypogastric Nerve Fibers

A

pre and postganglionic sympathetic fibers

67
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Fiber Types

A

parasympathetic
sympathetic
visceral afferents

68
Q

Where does the inferior hypogastric plexus get its sympathetic innervation from?

A

hypogastric nerves

sacral splanchnic nerves

69
Q

Where does the inferior hypogastric plexus get its parasympathetic innervation from?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

70
Q

Where does the inferior hypogastric plexus get its visceral afferents from?

A

they travel with the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to the spinal cord

71
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus role in erection and ejaculation

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (parasympathetic): erection
Hypogastric Nerves (sympathetic): emission
Somatic Motor Nerves: ejaculation

72
Q

Pain from abdominal part of foregut is referred to

A

epigastric region

73
Q

Pain from the midgut is referred to

A

umbilical region

74
Q

Pain from the hindgut is referred to

A

pubic region

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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