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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Block 2: Pelvis, Gray's Review > Flashcards

Block 2: Pelvis, Gray's Review Flashcards

1
Q

Membranous portion of urethra passes through

A

external urethral sphincter in the deep perineal pouch

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2
Q

Injury to the membranous urethra causes

A

blood to flow into the Retzius

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3
Q

Retzius

A

retropubic space

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4
Q

F(x) of the external urethral sphincter

A

voluntary control of micturition

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5
Q

Camper’s Fascia is continuous w/

A

Darto’s fascia of the scrotum & penis; Colles’ fascia of the perineum

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6
Q

Fascia of Gallaudet

A

same as Buck’s fascia

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7
Q

Buck’s Fascia

A

the deep fascia of the penis

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8
Q

Colles’ Fascia

A

fascial layer of the perineum

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9
Q

Extravasted urine

A

interruption of the urethra leads to a collection of urine in other cavities, such as the penis or the scrotum

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10
Q

What nerve travels through the inguinal canal?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of genitofemoral (in the spermatic cord)

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11
Q

Pudendal Nerve f(x)

A

sensory and motor innervation to the perineum; including the most anterior portions of the external genitalia

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12
Q

What nerves supply erection?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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13
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve fibers are

A

preganglionic parasympathetic

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14
Q

Maintaining erection is a _______ (sympathetic/parasympathetic)

A

parasympathetic function

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15
Q

Tear of the penile urethra and Buck’s fascia results in

A

extravasation of blood or urine into the superficial perineal pouch

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16
Q

Describe the course of the ureter

A

ureters cross the pelvic brim anteriorly to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

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17
Q

Fornix

A

recess b/w cervix and vaginal wall; divided into anterior and posterior

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18
Q

What muscles are important in maintaining fecal continence?

A

the pubococcygeous, specifically the puborectalis (both of which are parts of the levator ani muscle)

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19
Q

What are the parts of the levator ani muscle?

A

iliococcygeous
pubococcygeous
puborectalis

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20
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

anteflexed and anteverted

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21
Q

What sphincter is important for maintaining fecal continence?

A

external anal sphincter

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22
Q

Tendinous Arch of Facsia Pelvis

A

band of connective tissue that joins the fascia of levator ani to pubocervical band of the vagina

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23
Q

What happens if the tendinous arch of fascia pelvis is torn?

A

the vagina falls, carrying the bladder with it and leading to urinary incontinence

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24
Q

Alternate name for suspensory ligament of ovary

A

Infundibulopelvic Ligament

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25
Q

Rectouterine pouch

A

the space between the rectum and the uterus; the lowest point of a woman’s peritoneal cavity

this is where fluid will accumulate if a woman is standing or sitting

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26
Q

What ligament is in the inguinal canal in women?

A

round ligament of the uterus

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27
Q

What nerve fibers are coming from hemmorrhoids above the pectinate line?

A

visceral afferent fibers (no pain would be experienced by hemorrhoids here)

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28
Q

Anteflexed

A

angle of cervix and uterus

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29
Q

Anteverted

A

describes the angle of the cervix and the vagina

30
Q

Describe the relationship b/w the uterine artery and the uterus

A

the uterus is under the uterine artery

31
Q

What is the penis “sling” ligament

A

fundiform ligament

32
Q

Episiotomy

A

a cut into the perineal membrane to maintain the perineal body; this is done during child birth

33
Q

Ureter location in regards to the internal iliac artery

A

ureter is lateral and anterior to the internal iliac artery

34
Q

Deep Inguinal Nodes

drainage
receives lymph from

A

drain glans clitoris, glans penis, labia minora and terminal inferior end of vagina

and receive lymph from superficial nodes

35
Q

External and Internal Iliac Nodes

drainage
drain into

A

drain pelvic viscera

drain into lateral aortic/lumbar

36
Q

Lymphatic drainage of ovaries and uterine tubes

A

the lymph from ovaries/uterine tubes leave the pelvic cavity superiorly and drain into the lateral aortic or lumbar nodes

37
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes

A

drains the superficial tissues of penis and clitoris

38
Q

What drains the anal canal above the pectinate line?

A

internal iliac nodes, sacral nodes

39
Q

What drains the anal canal below the pectinate line?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

40
Q

Lymphatic drainage of bladder

A

external iliac nodes, except for the neck and fundus which are internal iliac

41
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

sensory ganglia at the end of the posterior root of each spinal nerve; contains all afferent nerve cell bodies that convey pain

42
Q

Node of Cloquet

A

drains into the common iliac and is located in the femoral

43
Q

Bladder innervation

A

motor: parasympathetic nerve fibers from pelvic splanchnics
sensory: parasympathetic nerve fibers from pelvic splanchnics

44
Q

What innervates the external urethral sphincter?

A

perineal branch of pudendal nerve

45
Q

Internal pudendal gives rise to what penile arteries?

A

dorsal artery and deep artery of the penis

46
Q

Pain due to hemorrhoids is mediated by what nerve?

A

pudendal nerve

47
Q

Sacral Splanchnics

A

postanglionic sympathetic fibers from sacral sympathetifc chain

48
Q

Pelvic Splanchnics

A

postganglionic parasympathetic and sensory fibers from the pelvis

49
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve f(x)

A

sensory: sensory innervation to the skin at the base of the penis, scrotum, upper and inner thigh

50
Q

L testicular vein drains into

A

L renal vein

51
Q

Inferior rectal nerve f(x)

A

innervates skin around the anus and external anal sphincter

52
Q

Describe the course of the ovarian arteries

A

they descend from the abdominal aorta and cross anteriorly to the external iliac artery

53
Q

Ovarian artery anastamoses

A

w/ the ascending branch of the uterine artery

54
Q

Obturator nerve motor function

A

innervates adductor muscles of the thigh

55
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the ovaries and testes

A

follows the ovarian and testicular arteries to the lumbar/paraaortic nodes

56
Q

Describe a pudendal nerve block

A

through the vaginal canal, the ischial spines can be palpated and the shot can be administered there

57
Q

What does much of the body’s weight rest on when sitting down?

A

ischial tuberosity

58
Q

In terms of urinary and fecal continence, what does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

external urethral sphincter, external anal sphincter, skeletal muscle of deep & superficial perineal pouch

59
Q

Pudendal Nerve receives contributions from

A

S2-S4

60
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve travel?

A

b/w the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament

61
Q

Suspensory Ligament of Ovary

A

contains the ovarian vessels

62
Q

Wilm’s Tumor

A

a kidney malignancy that usually occurs in children; shown to cause mutation in the WT1 gene

63
Q

Describe kidney ascent

A

during development, the kidneys’ ascend from a position in the pelvis to a position high on the posterior abdominal wall

64
Q

Describe horshoe kidney

A

the caudal portion fo the kidney poles fuse and the ascent of the kidneys is haulted by the 1st structure they encounter (the IMA)

65
Q

Explain how kidneys are important in utero

A

kidneys help maintain fluid levels in utero; if kidney function is decreased or not present at all, you’ll have low amniotic fluid levels

66
Q

Ureteric Bud

A

induces the development of the definitive kidney

67
Q

Failure of a ureteric bud toform

A

leads to renal agenesis and oligohydramnios

68
Q

Garner Duct Cysts

A

appear in the lateral vaginal wall; the result of remnants of the mesonephric duct

69
Q

Potter syndrome is associated w/

A

renal agenesis or hypoplasia

70
Q

Polyhydramnios is associated w/

A

esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistulas and CNS defect

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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