Block 2: Pelvis, Gray's Review Flashcards by Biannca Pierre

Membranous portion of urethra passes through

external urethral sphincter in the deep perineal pouch

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Injury to the membranous urethra causes

blood to flow into the Retzius

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Retzius

retropubic space

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F(x) of the external urethral sphincter

voluntary control of micturition

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Camper’s Fascia is continuous w/

Darto’s fascia of the scrotum & penis; Colles’ fascia of the perineum

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Fascia of Gallaudet

same as Buck’s fascia

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Buck’s Fascia

the deep fascia of the penis

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Colles’ Fascia

fascial layer of the perineum

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Extravasted urine

interruption of the urethra leads to a collection of urine in other cavities, such as the penis or the scrotum

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What nerve travels through the inguinal canal?

Ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of genitofemoral (in the spermatic cord)

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Pudendal Nerve f(x)

sensory and motor innervation to the perineum; including the most anterior portions of the external genitalia

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What nerves supply erection?

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve fibers are

preganglionic parasympathetic

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Maintaining erection is a _______ (sympathetic/parasympathetic)

parasympathetic function

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Tear of the penile urethra and Buck’s fascia results in

extravasation of blood or urine into the superficial perineal pouch

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Describe the course of the ureter

ureters cross the pelvic brim anteriorly to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

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Fornix

recess b/w cervix and vaginal wall; divided into anterior and posterior

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What muscles are important in maintaining fecal continence?

the pubococcygeous, specifically the puborectalis (both of which are parts of the levator ani muscle)

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What are the parts of the levator ani muscle?

iliococcygeous
pubococcygeous
puborectalis

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What is the normal position of the uterus?

anteflexed and anteverted

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What sphincter is important for maintaining fecal continence?

external anal sphincter

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Tendinous Arch of Facsia Pelvis

band of connective tissue that joins the fascia of levator ani to pubocervical band of the vagina

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What happens if the tendinous arch of fascia pelvis is torn?

the vagina falls, carrying the bladder with it and leading to urinary incontinence

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Alternate name for suspensory ligament of ovary

Infundibulopelvic Ligament

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Rectouterine pouch

the space between the rectum and the uterus; the lowest point of a woman's peritoneal cavity this is where fluid will accumulate if a woman is standing or sitting

What ligament is in the inguinal canal in women?

round ligament of the uterus

What nerve fibers are coming from hemmorrhoids above the pectinate line?

visceral afferent fibers (no pain would be experienced by hemorrhoids here)

Anteflexed

angle of cervix and uterus

Anteverted

describes the angle of the cervix and the vagina

Describe the relationship b/w the uterine artery and the uterus

the uterus is under the uterine artery

What is the penis "sling" ligament

fundiform ligament

Episiotomy

a cut into the perineal membrane to maintain the perineal body; this is done during child birth

Ureter location in regards to the internal iliac artery

ureter is lateral and anterior to the internal iliac artery

Deep Inguinal Nodes drainage receives lymph from

drain glans clitoris, glans penis, labia minora and terminal inferior end of vagina and receive lymph from superficial nodes

External and Internal Iliac Nodes drainage drain into

drain pelvic viscera drain into lateral aortic/lumbar

Lymphatic drainage of ovaries and uterine tubes

the lymph from ovaries/uterine tubes leave the pelvic cavity superiorly and drain into the lateral aortic or lumbar nodes

Superficial inguinal nodes

drains the superficial tissues of penis and clitoris

What drains the anal canal above the pectinate line?

internal iliac nodes, sacral nodes

What drains the anal canal below the pectinate line?

superficial inguinal nodes

Lymphatic drainage of bladder

external iliac nodes, except for the neck and fundus which are internal iliac

Dorsal Root Ganglia

sensory ganglia at the end of the posterior root of each spinal nerve; contains all afferent nerve cell bodies that convey pain

Node of Cloquet

drains into the common iliac and is located in the femoral

Bladder innervation

motor: parasympathetic nerve fibers from pelvic splanchnics sensory: parasympathetic nerve fibers from pelvic splanchnics

What innervates the external urethral sphincter?

perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal gives rise to what penile arteries?

dorsal artery and deep artery of the penis

Pain due to hemorrhoids is mediated by what nerve?

pudendal nerve

Sacral Splanchnics

postanglionic sympathetic fibers from sacral sympathetifc chain

Pelvic Splanchnics

postganglionic parasympathetic and sensory fibers from the pelvis

Ilioinguinal nerve f(x)

sensory: sensory innervation to the skin at the base of the penis, scrotum, upper and inner thigh

L testicular vein drains into

L renal vein

Inferior rectal nerve f(x)

innervates skin around the anus and external anal sphincter

Describe the course of the ovarian arteries

they descend from the abdominal aorta and cross anteriorly to the external iliac artery

Ovarian artery anastamoses

w/ the ascending branch of the uterine artery

Obturator nerve motor function

innervates adductor muscles of the thigh

Lymphatic drainage of the ovaries and testes

follows the ovarian and testicular arteries to the lumbar/paraaortic nodes

Describe a pudendal nerve block

through the vaginal canal, the ischial spines can be palpated and the shot can be administered there

What does much of the body's weight rest on when sitting down?

ischial tuberosity

In terms of urinary and fecal continence, what does the pudendal nerve innervate?

external urethral sphincter, external anal sphincter, skeletal muscle of deep & superficial perineal pouch

Pudendal Nerve receives contributions from

S2-S4

Where does the pudendal nerve travel?

b/w the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament

Suspensory Ligament of Ovary

contains the ovarian vessels

Wilm's Tumor

a kidney malignancy that usually occurs in children; shown to cause mutation in the WT1 gene

Describe kidney ascent

during development, the kidneys' ascend from a position in the pelvis to a position high on the posterior abdominal wall

Describe horshoe kidney

the caudal portion fo the kidney poles fuse and the ascent of the kidneys is haulted by the 1st structure they encounter (the IMA)

Explain how kidneys are important in utero

kidneys help maintain fluid levels in utero; if kidney function is decreased or not present at all, you'll have low amniotic fluid levels

Ureteric Bud

induces the development of the definitive kidney

Failure of a ureteric bud toform

leads to renal agenesis and oligohydramnios

Garner Duct Cysts

appear in the lateral vaginal wall; the result of remnants of the mesonephric duct

Potter syndrome is associated w/

renal agenesis or hypoplasia

Polyhydramnios is associated w/

esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistulas and CNS defect