Block 3: GL 27 The Shoulder

Question 1

What is “winged scapula”

Answer 1

medial border of the scapula lifts off the chest wall

Question 2

List the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 2

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 3

Describe the tendon of the supraspinatus and its relevance in injuries

Answer 3

the tendon of the supraspinatus is relatively avascular and is often injured when the shoulder is dislocated

Question 4

F(x) of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 4

initiates abduction of the arm

Question 5

Describe the most common dislocation of the head of the humerus

Answer 5

anterior dislocation

Question 6

What prevents posterior displacement of the head of the humerus

Answer 6

the posterior head is prevented by the teres minor and the infraspinatus muscle

Question 7

What prevents anterior displacement of the head of the humerus

Answer 7

anterior displacement is prevented by the acromioclavicular ligaments and the supraspinatus

Question 8

What is the result of a spinal accessory nerve injury?

Answer 8

paralysis of the trapezius, causing the shoulder to droop

Question 9

Describe the mechanism of shoulder separation

Answer 9

the acromioclavicular and/or the coracoacromial ligaments are partially or completely torn through

coracoacromial ligament is disrupted in more serious ligaments

Question 10

What is a shoulder dislocation

Answer 10

displacement of the head of the humerus

Question 11

Describe the course of the triceps femoris tendon

Answer 11

passes through the glenohumeral joint

Question 12

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

Answer 12

medial: long head of the triceps
lateral: surgical neck of the humerus
superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major

Question 13

Where would the biceps brachii tendinopathy arise?

Answer 13

tendinopathy would cause pain in the anterior compartment where it originates

Question 14

What type of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is most common?

Answer 14

usually associated w/ a single traumatic injury

Question 15

What is the attachment for the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Answer 15

intertubercular sulcus

Question 16

Function of the subscapularis muscle

Answer 16

medially rotates the arm

Question 17

Function of the infraspinatus

Answer 17

laterally rotates the arm

Question 18

Function of the teres minor

Answer 18

externally rotates the shoulder joint

Question 19

Function of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 19

flexion, adduction and medial rotation

Question 20

Describe the anatomy of the pectoral girdle

Answer 20

3 bones: humerus, scapula, clavicle

4 articulations

Question 21

What are the articulations of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 21

glenohumeral joint
acromioclavicular joint
sternoclavicular joint
scapulothoracic

Question 22

Acromioclavicular Ligament j(x)

Answer 22

provides horizontal stability (AP)

Question 23

AC separation

Answer 23

tearing of the AC ligament and the clavicle hops straight up

Question 24

Shoulder dislocation

due to

Answer 24

tearing of the inferior glenohumeral ligament

Question 25

Anterior Shoulder dislocation can be problematic for what structure?

Answer 25

axillary nerve

Question 26

Glenohumeral Joint movement

Answer 26

Glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint; one of the most mobile joints in the whole body but not a lot of bony stability

Question 27

F(x) of the rotator cuff

Answer 27

keep the humeral head in the glenoid fcavity through a full ROM; provide dynamic stability to the shouler jiont

Question 28

Impingement Syndrome

Answer 28

inflamed rotator cuff tendons pinched bw the acromion and CA ligament

Question 29

What is the most common rotator cuff tear?

Answer 29

supraspinatus

Question 30

Trapezius innervation, f(x)

Answer 30

IN: spinal accessory nerve | f(x): elevate, depress, rotate & retract the scapula

Question 31

Long Thoracic Nerve lesion

Answer 31

leads to scapular injury (medial winging, serratus anterior weakness)

Question 32

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

Answer 32

teres minor teres major long head of triceps humerus

Question 33

What is the significance of the quadrangular space

Answer 33

transmits axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery