Block 3: GL 26 Gray's Review

Question 1

Innervation of the thenar muscles; describe the course of that nerve up until that point

Answer 1

the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel

Question 2

Carpal Tunell

Answer 2

formed by the flexor retinaculum (anteriorly) and the carpal bones (posteriorly)

Question 3

What is the result of a medial epiconyle fracture?

Answer 3

damage to the ulnar nerve

Question 4

What nerve is damaged with a midshaft humeral fracture? Artery?

Answer 4

radial N

deep brachial artery

Question 5

What N is damaged with a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

Answer 5

median nerve

Question 6

Describe the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Answer 6

it is dually innervated

medial aspect: ulnar nerve
lateral aspect: median nerve (specifically, anterior interosseous nerve)

Question 7

Why is the ulnar nerve usually susceptible to damage?

Answer 7

b/c of the superficial course of the ulnar nerve

Question 8

Describe the course of the deep radial nerve

Answer 8

it courses b/w the 2 heads of the supinator muscle, located medially to the lateral epicondyle

Question 9

What can irritate the deep radial nerve? Why?

Answer 9

hypertrophy of the supinator b/c the deep radial N courses b/w the 2 heads of the supinator muscle

Question 10

What is the most commonly displaced carpal bone? why?

Answer 10

lunate bone

b/c of its shape and relatively weak ligaments anteriorly

Question 11

What innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 11

the ulnar nerve

Question 12

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Answer 12

the scaphoid bone

Question 13

Anterior Interosseous Nerve

a branch of
supplies

Answer 13

branch of the median nerve

supplies (anterior compartment/flexors): Flexor Pollucis Longus, lateral 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus and the pronator quadratus

Question 14

Adductor Pollicis innervation

Answer 14

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 15

Flexor Pollicis Longus Innervation

Answer 15

innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

Question 16

Flexor Digiti Minimi innervated

Answer 16

innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 17

Recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates

Answer 17

the thenar muscles

Question 18

List the thenar muscles

Answer 18

abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis

Question 19

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates

Answer 19

the hypothenar muscles

Question 20

Describe the path of the palmaris longus

Answer 20

it passes along the midline of the flexor surface of the forearm

Question 21

Boxer’s Fracture

Answer 21

break in the 5th metacarpal

Question 22

What would happen if there was trauma to both the median and ulnar nerves?

Answer 22

results in total clawing of the fingers

Question 23

F(x) of the interosseous muscles

Answer 23

abduction, adduction of the digits

flexion and extension of the digits

Question 24

Describe the innervation of the lumbricals

Answer 24

lumbricals have a dual innervation

the 1st & 2nd lumbricals: median nerve
3rd & 4th lumbricals ulnar nerve

Question 25

What are the branches of the ulnar nerve

Answer 25

deep branch (motor) 
superficial branch (sensory)

Question 26

F(x) of the ulnar nerve in the hand

Answer 26

innervates all intrinsic hand muscles except the thenar muscles and the 1st 2 lumbricals

Question 27

Radial N sensory innervation

Answer 27

skin on the dorsolateral side of the hand

Question 28

Median N innervation (sensory, motor)

Answer 28

sensory: most important sensory supply to the hand; innervates the skin on the thumb, 1st 2 fingers and lateral side of the ring finger
motor: thenar muscles, flexor compartment of the forearm, 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Question 29

F(x) of the thenar muscles

Answer 29

responsible for opposition of the thumb to the other digits

Question 30

Common Flexor Sheath

Answer 30

encloses the long flexor tendons of the fingers, and is continuous with the sheath of the little finger

Question 31

Describe the flexor sheath of the little fingers

Answer 31

it continues into the palm and does not have connection with the sheaths of the other digits, which do not extend into the palm

Question 32

Synovial sheaths of the long tendons of the little finger run

Answer 32

through the midpalmar space

Question 33

What type of joint is b/w the radius and the ulna? Describe it

Answer 33

a synarthroses that allows for little movement. particularly, between the radius and the ulna the interosseous membrane doesn’t allow for movement

Question 34

Posterior Interosseous Nerve
a branch of
innervates

Answer 34

branch of the deep radial nerve

responsible for the innervation of the extensor compartment of the forearm, including the joints that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 35

Volkmann’s Contracture

Answer 35

flexion deformity of the fingers caused by ischemic necrosis of the flexor forearm muscles due to the damage of the brachial artery

Question 36

“Benediction Attitude”

what is it
is caused by

Answer 36

what: index and long fingers are straight, the ring and middle fingers are flexed

caused by an injury to the median nerve

Question 37

F(x) of the interossei muscles

Answer 37

responsible for the abduction (dorsal interossei) and adduction (palmar interossei) of the fingers

Question 38

F(x) of lumbrical muscles

Answer 38

extend the interphalangeal joints

Question 39

Lymphatic drainage of the thenar muscles

Answer 39

drains to the epitrochlear nodes, then the lateral (humeral) nodes

Question 40

Posterior Axillary Nodes

Answer 40

receive drainage from the back and shoulder

Question 41

Anterior Axillary Nodes

Answer 41

receive lymph from the upper side of anterolateral chest and breast

Question 42

Central Axillary Nodes

Answer 42

receive drainage from the anterior, lateral, posterior, and medial axillary nodes

Question 43

What can happen when the lunate bone is displaced

Answer 43

it can go into the carpal tunnel and compress the median nerve