Shelf: Lower Limb

Question 1

describe anterior compartment syndrome

Answer 1

usually trauma related; primary issue is arterial blood supply–the pressure within the compartment exceeds blood pressure

Question 2

Anterior compartment syndrome is associated with

Answer 2

loss of dorsalis pedis pulse and difficulty with dorsiflexion

Question 3

which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 3

anterior tibial

Question 4

What supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 4

anterior tibial artery, vein

deep fibular nerve

Question 5

What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 5

superficial fibular nerve, fibular artery and vein

Question 6

What supplies the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 6

posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
posterior tibial vein

Question 7

What supplies the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 7

posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, posterior tibial vein

Question 8

Where in the femoral triangle would you expect to see a femoral hernia?

Answer 8

medial femoral canal

Question 9

Describe a femoral hernia

Answer 9

hernia through the femoral canal into the medial aspect of the thigh

contents will be below the inguinal ligament and in the femoral canal which is medial to the femoral vessels and sheath

Question 10

Describe the femoral nerve

Answer 10

dorsal divisions of the ventral rami L2-L4

f(x): supplies the anterior compartment (flex the hip and extend the knee)

Question 11

Muscles innervated by the femoral nerve

Answer 11

sartorious 
quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

Question 12

Tap on the patellar tendon tests

Answer 12

L3 and L4

Question 13

Tap on calcaneal tendon tests

Answer 13

S1 and S2

Question 14

Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip abduction?

Answer 14

gluteus medius

Question 15

Trendelenberg Gait
affects
causes

Answer 15

affects: gluteus medius and minimus
cause: superior gluteal nerve injury, iatrogenic muscle/tendon injury, abductor avulsion

Question 16

Which compartment extends the hip and flexes the knee?

Answer 16

posterior thigh

Question 17

Describe the posterior drawer test

Answer 17

rotate the tibia and push it posteriorly; if the PCL is torn, it will move

Question 18

Best place to do intragluteal injections

Answer 18

superolateral quadrant

Question 19

What’s the result of injury to the common fibular nerve

Answer 19

“foot drop”: impairment of eversion, dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the does

common fibular nerve is frequently injured b/c it curves around the neck of the fibula

Question 20

genu valgus

Answer 20

“knock kneed”

Question 21

genu varus

Answer 21

“bow legged”

Question 22

Which ankle ligament is most likely to be torn during an inversion sprain?

Answer 22

anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular

Question 23

What ankle ligament is most likely to be torn during an eversion sprain

Answer 23

deltoid ligament

Question 24

Which one of the following muscles/tendons passes
through the two sesamoid bones of the foot to insert on
the plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the great
toe??

Answer 24

flexor hallucis longus

Question 25

What muscle is crucial to the toe off movement when on tip toes?

Answer 25

flexor hallucis longus

Question 26

What nerve is at highest risk of injury in a medial epicondylar fracture?

Answer 26

ulnar nerve

Question 27

musculocutaneous nerve f(x)

Answer 27

motor: muscles in anterior compartment of arm
sensory: lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm w/ innervated the lateral aspect of the forearm

Question 28

Flexor digitrorum profundus f(x)

nerve supply

Answer 28

flexes the digits

nerve: median nerve & anterior interosseous artery

Question 29

Most common carpal fracture

Answer 29

scaphoid

Question 30

What are the articulations of the shoulder

Answer 30

acromioclavicular
sternoclavicular
scapulothoracic
glenohumeral

Question 31

Describe the stability of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 31

acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament

acromioclavicular ligaments prevent anterior posterior translation of AC joint

Question 32

What are the strongest acromioclavicular ligaments?

Answer 32

superior and posterior

Question 33

Describe AC separation
mechanism
symptoms

Answer 33

blow to the point of the shoulder; shoulder is driven down, away from clavicle

symptoms: AC joint deformity; painful ROM; bruise to rotator cuff

Question 34

Function of the rotator cuff (3)

Answer 34

keep humeral head centered in the glenoid
provide dynamic shoulder joint stability
depressor of humeral head

Question 35

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 35

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis