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M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW > Shelf: Abdomen > Flashcards

Shelf: Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

a passage that extends through the inferior part of the abdominal wall

parallel to the inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Function of the inguinal canal

A

serves as a pathway where structures can pass from the abdominal wall to the external genitalia

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3
Q

Why is the inguinal canal of clinical importance?

A

a site of potential weakness in the abdominal wall, thus a common site for herniation

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4
Q

Gubernaculum

A

a fibrous cord oof tissue that attaches to the inferior portion of the gonad and guides them during descent

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5
Q

Patent Processus Vaginalis

A

can cause an indirect inguinal hernia, a hydrocele, or interfere with the descent of teh testes

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6
Q

Remnant of the gubernaculum in men

A

small scrotal ligament tethering the testes to the scrotum and limiting their movement

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7
Q

Describe indirect inguinal hernias

A

lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels; herniated contents pass through the deep inguinal ring to the superficial ring and toward the scrotum or labia majora

also known as congenital

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8
Q

Describe direct inguinal hernias

A

“weakness in the fence”

medial to the epigastric vessels through Hesselbach’s triangle

passes through the superficial inguinal ring but not the deeo ring

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9
Q

Describe a femoral hernia

A

through the femoral canal into the medial aspect of the thigh; most common in females due to pelvis anatomy

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10
Q

Where is the femoral canal

A

below the inguinal ligament and medial to the femoral vessels and sheath

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11
Q

What is a common site of bowel herniation/

A

femoral canal

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12
Q

Hernia

A

internal part of the body pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall

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13
Q

Strangulated Hernia

A

compression of the hernia with decreased blood supply due to the rigid borders of the femoral canal

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14
Q

What abdominal organs are derived from embryonic mesoderm?

A

spleen

kidney

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15
Q

Describe the development of the kidney

A

metanephros becomes the permanent kidney

divides into ureteric bud (collecting system: ureter, renal pelvis, renal calyx & collecting tubule) and the metanephric blastema (develops into nephrons)

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16
Q

Ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach affects

A

contents of the lesser sac

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17
Q

Foramen of Winslow

A

passage of communication between the greater and lesser sac of the abdomen

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18
Q

Porta Hepatis Contents

A

L & R hepatic ducts
R and L branches of hepatic artery
Portal vein

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19
Q

Pringle Maneuver

A

hepatoduodenal ligament clamping to control bleeding during liver trauma

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20
Q

Pancreas: retro vs intrapeitoneal

A

pancreas is retroperitoneal except for the tail

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21
Q

Divisions of the stomach

A

carida
fundus
body
pylorus (divided into pyloric antrum, canal and sphincter; connects stomach to duodenum)

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22
Q

Describe the blood supply to the stomach

A

Lesser curvature: R and L gastric

Greater Curvature: L and R gastro-omental

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23
Q

L and R gastric veins drain into

A

hepatic portal vein

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24
Q

Parts of the duodenum

A

superior
descending
inferior
ascending

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25
Characteristics of superior portion of duodenum
most likely affected by duodenal ulcers connected to liver by hepatoduodenal ligament ascends upward from pulorus of stomach
26
Characteristics of descending portion of pancreas
curves around head of pancreas posterior to transverse colon marked by major duodenal papilla
27
Major Duodenal Papilla
opening @ which the bile and pancreatic secretions enter the ampulla of vater
28
Characteristics of inferior duodenum
crosses over the IVC and aorta; located inferior to pancreas and posterior to SMA
29
Characteristics of Ascending Duodenum
duodenojejunal flexure: location of suspensory muscle of the duodenum
30
Duodenal Ulcer what is it most common location can affect
``` what: erosion of mucosa in wall of duodenum first part (posterior wall) can affect the gastroduodenal artery causing hemorrhage ```
31
Gallbladder blood supply
cystic artery, which is a branch of the right hepatic artery
32
Where to find the cystic artery
in the triangle of calot
33
Bile duct blood supply
cystic artery R/L hepatic artery anterior/posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
34
Gall stone erosion
gallstones can erode through the gallbladder wall and into the duodenum. stones may become lodged at the ileocecal valve and causge gallstone ileus; bowel becomes distended
35
Common places for biliary stones
gallbladder wall; b/w gallbladder & common bile duct; blocking common bile duct
36
Which type of biliary stone causes jaundice?
stone blocking the common bile duct
37
portal vein formed by
union of splenic vein and SMV
38
List the sites of portosystemic anastamoses
esophageal: b/w left gastric & esophageal tributaries to azygous rectal: superior and inferior rectal veins retroperitoneal: mesenteric veins & retroperitoneal veisns paraumbilical: b/w portal veins of liver & anterior abdominal wall
39
Describe spleen positioning
in LUQ b/w stomach and diaphragm; tail of pancreas extends to the hilum of the spleen
40
Exposure of the tail of pancreas and spleen requires:
entry into lesser sac via gastrocolic ligament mobilization of transverse colon & splenic flexure ligation of short gastrics & mobilization of greater curves
41
What are among the most frequent trauma related injuries?
spleen injuries
42
What re the ligaments of the spleen
gastrosplenic splenonephric splenocolic splenophrenic
43
Describe the collateral blood flow to the spleen
short gastric vessels in the gastrosplenic ligament branches to the greater omentum and splenocolic ligaments
44
What's the artery of the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
45
Describe organs surrounding SMA
SMA is anterior to renal vein, anterior to inferior portion of duodenum
46
Dual blood supply to the pancreas
some from celiac trunk (gastroduodenal, anterior & posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal), some from SMA (anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal)
47
Branches of the SMA
``` inferior pancreaticoduodenal jejunal branches ileal branches ileocolic artery right colic middle colic ```
48
Artery of the hindgut
inferior mesenteric
49
What does the IMA supply?
distal transverse colon, left colon, sigmoid colon rectum & proximal half of anal canal
50
Marginal Artery of Drummond
forms a continuous arterial circle along the inner border of the colon
51
Why is IMA occlusion rarely symptomatic?
Occlusion of the IMA is seldom symptomatic because its territory may be supplied by branches of the middle colic artery
52
Kidneys and referred pain
kidneys have direct contact with the diaphragm, and abcesses or masses could irritate the diaphragm causing shoulder pain b/c innervation to the diaphragm is from fibers related to other fibers supplying the shoulder (phrenic nerve)
53
Kehr Sign
since the phrenic nerve supplies sensory innervation to the diaphragm, pain arising from the diaphragm is referred to the tpi of the shoulder
54
Hiccup Reflex
due to irritation fo the phrenic nerve | results from sudden spasms of the diaphragm
55
L and R gonadal vein
L: drains into L renal vein R: drains into IVC
56
List the renal fascial layers
``` (deep to superficial) renal capsule perirenal fat renal fascia pararenal fat ```
57
renal fascia
aka Gerota's fascia | enclsoses the kidneys and suprarenal glands
58
Describe kidney development
retinoic acid dependent reciprocal induction metanephric blastema secretes growth factors to indue growth of the ureteric bud ureteric bud responds by inducing the blastema to undergo mesenchymal to epithelial transition
59
Disruption of reciprocal induction c
causes inhibition of ureteric bud growth and renal hypoplasia or agenesis
60
Ureters in females
are close to ovaries as they cross the pelvic brim | run underneath the uterine artery "water under the bridge"
61
Kidney Stone lodging sites
uretopelvic junction pelvic brim where the ureter enters the bladder
62
Nervous supply to the ureter
renal, testicular/ovarian hypogastric plexuses

M1: Anatomy and Embryology Lecture BW (37 decks)

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