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Therio - RUSS > Sheep and Goat Reproduction 1 > Flashcards

Sheep and Goat Reproduction 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of kidding program is there in:

  1. Dairy farm?
  2. Meat farm?
A
  1. Year round

2. Controlled program

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2
Q

The Female:

What % of full body weight should they be when they enter the breeding herd?

A

70-80%

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3
Q

Puberty

  1. Usually around what age? At what BW?
A
  1. 5-15 months. >60% adult body weight
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4
Q

Factors affecting puberty onset:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Time of lambing
  2. Nutrition
  3. Breed (finn > suffolk > rambouillet
  4. Ram selection (scrotal size)
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5
Q

Selection techniques for increased reproduction:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Fecundity .04 to .26 is inheritable.
  2. Increased number of lambs born/ewe/year

Select twins, triplet ewe lambs/rams

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6
Q

Ewes and Does are what kind of breeders?

A

Short day breeders

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7
Q

The Ewe:

Estrous cycle length?

A

17 days

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8
Q

The Ewe:

Estrous length?

A

30 hours

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9
Q

The Ewe:

Gestation length?

A

147 days

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10
Q

The Ewe:

Method of P4 production?

A

Placental

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11
Q

The doe

Estrous cycle length?

A

21 days

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12
Q

The doe

estrus phase length?

A

36 hours

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13
Q

The doe

gestation length?

A

150 days

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14
Q

The doe

Method of P4 production?

A

CL dependent

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15
Q

Describe the physiological steps of why goats and sheep are short day breeders:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Increasing darkness in the fall as the days shorten
  2. Increased melatonin release from pineal gland
  3. Melatonin causes increase pulses from hypothalamus that release GnRH
  4. Increased GnRH leads to increased release of LH from Adenohypophysos
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16
Q

Estrus in a doe is characterized as the time….

A

from moment doe stand to be mounted until refusal

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17
Q 
Signs of estrus in a doe:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Tail wagging
  2. Bleating
  3. restlesness
  4. pacing
  5. vulvar swelling
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18
Q

Signs of estrus in a ewe:
1.
2.

A
  1. vulvar swelling

2. anorexia

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19
Q

Metestrus in a sheep and goat =

A

time period of formation of CL

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20
Q

Diestrus in a sheep and goat =

A

CL mature and producing progesterone

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21
Q

How many rams / 100 ewes?

A

2-4

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22
Q

Change the color on the rams marking device how often?

A

every 14 days

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23
Q

Conception rate for ewes on first service? On second service?

A

65-80%

90%

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24
Q

Flushing =

A

Increasing the nutrient uptake by 20-30% 2-3 weeks before breeding

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25
Q

Ways to manipulate the doe during Anestrus:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Hormonal manipulation (prostaglandin to shorten diestrus phase, progesterone to mimic diestrus phase)
  2. Manipulation of lights (short day breeders)
  3. Administration of melatonin
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26
Q

CIDR

  1. What is it?
A

Intravaginal implant to increase progesterone levels at 12-14 days (?)

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27
Q

MGA:

  1. MGA stands for….
  2. Caution: why?
A
  1. melengesterol acetate

2. not labeled for sheep and goats

28
Q

MGA dosage

A

25 mg/head/day OR 15 mg BID for 14 days

29
Q

Prostaglandin hormone manipulation:

Limitation?

A

only works during breeding season

30
Q

Prostaglandin hormone manipulation:

Dosing/schedule?

A

two doses of 15 mg PGF2 alpha or 100 mg Cloprostenol nine days apart.

31
Q

Describe the “Buck Effect”

A

Introduce buck to Doe after no buckexposure for 30 days previous, they will have an LH surge that leads to a silent ovulation/short cycle, and then be fertile 8 days later (8 days total after introduction of Buck)

32
Q

Placenta type?

A

Cotyledonary epitheliochorial placentation

33
Q

Maintain females at what BCS throughout pregnancy?

A

2.5-3.0

34
Q

4 Methods of Diagnosing pregnancy:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Non-return to heat
  2. U/S
  3. “Bagging up”
  4. Ballottement
35
Q

Real Time U/S to diagnose pregnancy

  1. When can you see the vesicle?
  2. When can you see the fetal heartbeat?
  3. When can you see the placentomes?
  4. When can you see the skeletal structure?
A
  1. 18-20
  2. 25
  3. 35
  4. 60
36
Q

Pregnancy Diagnosis. When can you diagnose pregnancy via:

  1. X-ray?
  2. Laparotomy?
  3. Vaginal biopsy?
  4. Rectoabdominal palpation?
A
  1. 50 days
  2. 35 days
  3. 40 days
  4. 70-110 days
37
Q

Signs of impending parturition:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. restlessness
  2. decreased appetitie
  3. swelling of vulva
38
Q

First stage of uterine contractions lasts how long?

A

2-8 hours

39
Q

Newborn lamb should stand within how long after birth? Suckle?

A

30 minutes

2 hours

40
Q

Placenta is normally expelled how long after lamb birth?

A

2-4 hours

41
Q

T/F: kidding and lambing will usually require assistance.

A

F, only 3-5 % require assistance

42
Q

When should you intervene in lambing and kidding?

A

30 minutes or more contractions and failure o deliver fetus

43
Q

Most common causes of dystocia:

1.
2.

A
  1. Fetal postural abnormalities

2. Multiple fetuses trying to exit at the same time

44
Q

Most causes of abortion are ______

A

Zoonotic

45
Q

Dystocia: Ringwomb:

  1. Definition:
  2. Common or rare in ewe?
A
  1. failure of cervix to completely dilate

2. common in ewe

46
Q

Dystocia: Ringwomb

Treatment?

A

C-section

47
Q

Aftercare for the Doe:

1.
2.
3.
4.
\+/-
5.
6.
A
  1. carefully check for additional fetuses
  2. anti-inflammatories
  3. Good nutrition
  4. Check for sufficient milk

+/-

  1. antibiotics
  2. Tetanus antitoxin
48
Q

Aftercare for the kids:

  1. Remove….
  2. _____ stimulation
  3. Dip….
  4. Provide ______!!!!
  5. +/- ______ if meconium staining
A
  1. fetal membranes
  2. manual
  3. naval with 7% iodine
  4. COLOSTRUM
  5. oxygen
49
Q

Postpartum Period:

  1. Uterine involution should take how long?
A

30 days

50
Q

Periparturient diseases are more common in sheep or goats?

A

Sheep > goats

51
Q

Periparturient diseases:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A 
1. pregnancy toxemia
2 vaginal prolapse
3. uterine prolapse
4. retained fetal membranes
5. metritis
6. pyometra - rare
7. hypocalcemia
52
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia:

Occurs when during pregnancy?

A

final trimester

53
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia:

  1. Caused by….
  2. What animals are prone to this condition?
A
  1. multiple fetuses requiring more energy, leads to negative energy balance. They start to use lipases to break down fat, leading to ketosis.
  2. obese or extremely thin ewes
54
Q

Clinical Signs of Pregnancy Toxemia:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
  1. Depression
  2. Recumbency
  3. tremors
  4. bruxism
  5. staggering
  6. incoordination
  7. increase in urine ketones
55
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia:

Treatment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Remove fetuses via c-section or induction
  2. glucose IV
  3. 50% dextrose IV
  4. propylene glycol by mouth
  5. B vitamins to stimulate appetite
  6. transfaunation (transferring a broad spectrum of micro-organisms including bacteria, protozoa, fungi and archaea from the rumen of a healthy donor animal to the rumen of a sick recipient animal.)
56
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia:

Prevention:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Maintain good level nutrition
  2. ID animals with multiple fetuses and supplement feed intake slowly over gestation
  3. Spot herd checks of urine ketones
57
Q

Induction of Parturition in Sheep:

Technique?

Efficacy

A

15-18 mg Dexamethasone IM, day 141-142

75% born 36 hours after

58
Q

Induction of Parturition in Goats:

Technique;

A

15 mg of PGF + 15 mg of Dexamethasone

59
Q

Vaginal Prolapse in Ewes

Typically pre or post partum?

A

prepartum

60
Q

Vaginal Prolapse in Ewes:

Caused by:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Estrogen (clovers)
  2. Tail-docking (proximal to ccg6)
  3. Obesity
  4. Multiple fetuses
  5. Genetics
61
Q

Vaginal Prolapse in Ewe: Treatment
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Replacement
  2. Retainment
  3. Cull
62
Q

Retainment options as treatment for vaginal prolapse in a ewe

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Plastic prolapse retainer
  2. Shoelace pattern
  3. Buhner
63
Q

Retained fetal membranes:

Placenta should be expelled by how long?

A

6 hours after

64
Q

Retained fetal membranes:

May be caused by:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. mineral deficiencies
  2. infectious abortions
  3. obesity in doe
  4. hypocalcemia
  5. dystocia
65
Q

Retained fetal membranes: treatment?

A

oxytocin or PGF2a

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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