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Therio - RUSS > Canine Estrus Cycle > Flashcards

Canine Estrus Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

The ovary of the bitch is surrounded by…

A

significant amounts of adipose tissue. DON’T SPAY THE FAT

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2
Q

Average puberty age in:

  1. Small breeds?
  2. Large breeds?
A
  1. 6-10 months

2. up to 2 years

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3
Q

Maximum reproductive capability at which estruses? Which age?

A
  1. 2nd, 3rd, and 4th estruses

2. around 3 years og age

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4
Q

Physiological Explanation of when puberty can occur:

A

when the hypothalamic neurons are able to produce sufficient GnRH

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5
Q

Pubertal bitches are less likely to demonstrate estrust when obvulation occurs, instead they will:

1

2.

A
  1. Have split or false heats

2. Have silent heat

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6
Q

Describe Split or False heats

A

Exhibit signs of proestrus (bleeding) but estrus may not occur immediately afterwards. May be days or weeks.

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7
Q

Describe silent heat

A

Ovulation occurs in absence of proestrus-estrus behavior or signs

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8
Q

Estrus Cycle type?

of cycles per year?

A
  1. Monoestrus

2. 1-2

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9
Q

Estrus cycle typically (seasonal/non-seasonal)?

A

non-seasonal

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10
Q

Which stage of the canine estrus cycle is described as “pregnancy or pseudopregnancy”?

A

Diestrus

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11
Q

Which stage of the canine estrus cycle is described as “period of quiescence and repair”

A

Anestrus

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12
Q

Average anestrus length?

A

90 to 150 days

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13
Q

interestrus period - definition?

A

time from the beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next estrus

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14
Q

Interestrus period:

Average duration?

A

7 months

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15
Q

Interestrus period:

Larger dogs tend to have (shorter/longer) interestrus periods?

A

shorter.

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16
Q

Interestrus period:

Oldre dogs tend to have (shorter/longer) interestrus periods?

A

longer

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17
Q

Minimum Cycle Length:

Absolute requirement of how long?

A

5 months.

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18
Q

Minimum Cycle Length:

If 90 day anestrus is not achieved…

A

fertility will decrease

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19
Q

Canine Luteal phase aka

A

Progesterone phase = pregnancy or pseudopregnancy

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20
Q

____ and ____ necessary after prolonged canine luteal phase

A

desquamation and repair period

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21
Q

What two breeds are more likely to have a shorter interestrus period?

A

Rottweiler and German Shepard

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22
Q

Maximum normal cycle length?

A

12 months

23
Q

Vaginal Cytology:

  1. # of cell layers in anestrus?
  2. At the end of proestrus?
A
  1. 2-4 cells. Thin

2. 20-40 cell layers.

24
Q

Vaginal Cytology:

What is the response of the vaginal stratified squamous epithelium to estrogen?

A

rapid increase in the amount of cell layers

25
Q

What is the purpose of the increase in # of vaginal stratified squamous epithelial layers:

1.
2.

A
  1. Protect vagina against trauma

2. Prevent bacterial entry

26
Q

Cornification of Vaginal Epithelial Cells:

Used to predict…

A

if bitch is progressing and still in her fertile period.

27
Q

Procedure for vaginal cytology:

  1. Introduce sterile cotton tipped swab into …….
  2. Avoid ___, ____, and ____
  3. Direct in what direction?
A
  1. dorsal vestibule on caudal vagina
  2. clitoral fossa, clitoris, and urethral orifice
  3. Dorso-cranially
28
Q

Evaluation of Vaginal Cytology:

Technique to apply them to slide/# of lines of cells desired?

A

rolls swab gently, make 2-3 lines

29
Q

Evaluation of Vaginal Cytology:

Drying technique?

What stain to use?

A

Air dry

Diff-Quik

30
Q

Evaluation of Vaginal Cytology:

Describe parabasal cells =

A

round or oval, large nucleus, 10-20um

31
Q

Evaluation of Vaginal Cytology:

Describe superficial cells

A

largest cells seen, irregular borders, no nucleus. Fully cornified

32
Q

Describe vaginal cytology of:

Early proestrus

A

composed of parabasal cells, small and large intermediate cells, a few superficial cells.

33
Q

Describe vaginal cytology of:

Late proestrus:

A

Predominantly superficial cells and medium to large intermediate cells.

the edges are straight and the cells are flattened

34
Q

Describe vaginal cytology of:

Estrus:

A

Cells are fully cornified

35
Q

Describe vaginal cytology of:

Diestrus

A

Sudden appearance of parabasal cells

A rapid shift from fully cornified cells to fully non-cornified cells

36
Q

Physical changes in proestrus:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Turgid swelling of vulva
  2. hemorrhagic vulvar discharge
  3. diapedesis of RBCs through uterine vessels
37
Q

Vaginal cytology changes in proestrus:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Cornification (corn flakes = large angular cells with small/no nuclei
  2. parabasal and small intermediate cells decrease
  3. superficial and large intermediate cells increase
  4. erthrocytes
  5. neutrophils
  6. Debris in backgroun
38
Q

Vaginal speculum results in Proestrus:

  1. Early proestrus?
  2. Late proestrus?
A
  1. vaginal mucous edematous

2. starts shrinking, less edema

39
Q

Proestrus

  1. Behavior towards males?
  2. Hormones?
A
  1. Attracts males, but non-receptive.

2. Estrogen dominates

40
Q

Estrus:

Physical changes:

1.
2.

A
  1. softening of vulvar swelling

2. less blood in discharge

41
Q

Estrus:

Vaginal cytology:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. > 90% cornified superficial epithelial cells, lots of anuclear squames.
  2. No WBCS (vaginal wall too thick to cross)
  3. few RBCs
  4. Little to no debris
  5. sometimes see bacteria
  6. clump (sheeting) just prior to cytologic diestrus
42
Q

Estrus:

Vaginal speculum results:

  1. early?
  2. late?
A
  1. more shrinking of mucosa

2. max shrinkage = crenulation, angled mucosa

43
Q

Estrus:

Hormones?
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Progesterone rising
  2. Estorgen falling
  3. LH and FSH peaks
44
Q

Behavior during Estrus

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Tall deviated to side and elevated.
  2. Will stand to be mated
  3. Muscle around vulva contract and raise vuvla to help alignment of penis
  4. Stiffening of back legs
  5. Rolling of skin on back
45
Q

Sexual Responses of Estrus:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Upward tipping or “winking” of vulva to touching skin above vulva
  2. Curvature of rear legs on same side as to tapping skin to right of left of vulva
  3. deviation of tail or “flagging” opposite to the side whereby touching the skin to right or left of vulva
46
Q

During estrus, the first sharp rise of P4 is correlated with….

A

LH peak.

47
Q

T/F: BOTH estrogen and progesterone are necessary for standing behavior during estrus.

A

T

48
Q

Progesterone:

Starts to rise during what stage?

A

Estrus

49
Q

Progesterone:

Preovulatory rise is due to ……

A

follicular estrual luteinization.

50
Q

Diestrus:

Dominated by what hormone?

A

Progesterone = luteal phase.

51
Q

Diestrus:

Describe the vaginal cytology:

1.
2.

A
  1. superficial cells decrease

2. parabasal/small intermediate cells increase

52
Q

Diestrus:

Vaginal speculum reveals:

1.
2. May see…

A
  1. rounding/smoothing mucosa

2. variegated red/white areas

53
Q

Diestrus:

Uterine tone (decreases/increases)?

A

increases greatly

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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