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Therio - RUSS > Pig Repro 2 > Flashcards

Pig Repro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Duration of Farrowing?

A

1 to 5 hours

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2
Q

Duration of more than ____ between piglets indicates trouble

A

1.5 minutes

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3
Q

Benefits to induction:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
  1. Allows farrowing during working hours
  2. Ensures all-in/all-out management
  3. Allows cross-fostering piglets between litters
  4. Piglet size will be more uniform
  5. improved labor efficiency.
  6. Improved piglet survival
  7. Improved facility utilzation
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4
Q

What drug class is more recommended for induction of parturition, prostaglandins or corticosteroids? Why?

A

Prostaglandins, corticosteroids will have too much lag and poor piglet survival if given too early.

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5
Q

Prostaglandins as parturition inducers:

  1. Two options?
A
  1. 10-50 mg Lutalyse or 175ug Estrumate (closprostanol)
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6
Q

Prostaglandins as parturition inducers:

  1. Administer on what day of gestation?
  2. Farrowing will occur how soon after admin?
A
  1. 112-113

2. 18-36 hours later

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7
Q

Two most common causes of porcine dystocia?

A

Uterine inertia and fetal maldisposition

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8
Q

Medical Therapy fo Dystocia:

  1. 2.
    3.
A
  1. Manual extraction of piglets after manipulation
  2. Oxytocin 20-30 IU IM every 30 min.
  3. Calcium
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9
Q

Cesarean Section:

  1. Vertical incision location?
  2. Horizontal incision location?
A
  1. left flank

2. parallel to underline

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10
Q

C-section:

  1. Usually need to incise (one/two) horns?
  2. Closing pattern?
A
  1. two (both)

2. inverting patterns

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11
Q

Complications during parturition?

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Prolapsed vagina, uterus and/or bladder
  2. Vulvar hematomas/tears
  3. Vaginal discharge/metritis
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12
Q

Prolapses during Parturition:

Prepartum Vaginal Prolapse:

  1. Tx?
  2. (is/is not) likely to recur?
A
  1. repair with a suture after placing back in

2. is

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13
Q

Prolapses during Parturition:

Uterine Prolapse:

  1. Prognosis?
  2. Occurs when?
  3. ____ may be needed
A
  1. GRAVE
  2. postpartum or intrapartum
  3. amputation (if necrotic or torn)
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14
Q

Vulvar hematomas and tears during Parturition:

  1. Etiology?
  2. (can/cannot) suture back in?
A
  1. mechanical damage to flaccid vulva near parturition

2. cannot.

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15
Q

Vaginal discharge and metritis during parturition:

  1. Don’t confuse with what?
  2. Appearence?
  3. See with what two pregnancy complications?
  4. CxS in sow?
A
  1. normal lochia 1-5 days postpartum
  2. necrotic malodorous discharge
  3. dystocias and/or RFMs
  4. Anorectic and febrile
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16
Q

Methods to reduce piglet mortality:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
.
A
  1. Supervised farrowings
  2. Cros-foster within 24-48 hours postpartum
  3. Vaccinate females pre-farrowing
  4. Feed females according to BCS
  5. Choose appropriate farrowing crate design
  6. Cull gilts that savage their piglets
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17
Q

What day range would be considered:

  1. Resorption?
  2. Mummification?
  3. Stillbirths?
A
  1. 0-35 days
  2. 35-114
  3. 114 - farrowing
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18
Q

Early Embryonic death:

  1. Generally, how many embryos suffer EED prior to implantation?
  2. If > ___ embryos, pregnancy remains with decrease in litter size
A
  1. 2 - 2.5

2. > 4 embryos

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19
Q

Early Embryonic Death:

  1. Fetal death < ___ days = regular returns
  2. Fetal death > ___ days = irregular returns
A
  1. < 14 days

2. > 35 days

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20
Q

Mummification:

  1. What will happen if entire litter is mummified?
A
  1. will progress to psuedopregnancy > 114 days
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21
Q

Stillbirth:

  1. Full term piglets born dead, but grossly normal except for…
A
  1. un-inflated lungs
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22
Q

Noninfectious causes of infertility:

  1. 2.
A
  1. Hydrosalpinx

2. Cystic Ovarian disease

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23
Q

Most common cause of infertility?

Second most common?

A

Hydrosalpinx

Cystic Ovarian Disease

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24
Q

Hydrosalpinx etiology?

A

secondary to bursitis or peritonitis that result in adhesions

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25
Q

Cystic Ovarian Disease:

  1. (single/multiple) cysts?
  2. Clinical Presentation?
A
  1. multiple

2. irregular cycles or anestrus

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26
Q

Cystic ovarian disease

  1. ___-___% of infertile cows have it?
  2. Do not respond to ___ therapy.
  3. Can be caused by…
A
  1. 20-50%
  2. hormonal
  3. estrus induction agents
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27
Q

Other non-infectious causes of infertility:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Anatomical or congenital abnormalites
  2. Environmental causes
  3. Nutritional causes
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28
Q

Anatomical or congenital abnormalities that can cause infertility:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. segmental aplasia
  2. uterus unicornum
  3. missing cervix
  4. hermaphroditic
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29
Q

Three mechanisms by which infectious disease can cause infertility from infecting a boar?

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Direct disruption of spermatogenesis via localization within the parenchyma
  2. Indirect disruption of spermatogenesis via fever
  3. Shed in the semen and causes disease in females
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30
Q

Infectious agents cause infertility in a boar by causing direct disruption of spermatogenesis via localization within the parenchyma:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Brucella
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Rubulavirus
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31
Q

Infectious agents that are shed in the semen and cause disease in females:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Classic swine fever
  2. Leptospira
  3. psuedorabies virus
  4. Parvovirus
  5. PRRS virus
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32
Q

Bacteria that cause infertility in a sow:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Lepto
  2. Brucella
  3. Erysipelas
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33
Q

Viruses that cause infertility in the sow:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. PRRS virus
  2. Parvovirus
  3. Pseudorabies virus
  4. Classic swine fever
34
Q

Two means by which bacteria are pathogenic:

1.
2.

A
  1. Introduced into the repro tract during breeding or parturition
  2. Resulting septicemia can cause loss of a pregnancy and subsequent repro problems
35
Q

Most common cause of porcine pregnancy loss?

A

Lepto. L. pamona specifically

36
Q

Epidemiology of Lepto in sows?

A

Brought in by carrier animals, than penetrates mucous membranes

37
Q

Clinical Signs of Lepto:

  1. What happens to pregnancy?
  2. Clinical signs in sow?
  3. Immunity after?
A
  1. mummified and macerated
  2. mild
  3. immunity lasts for 1 year after aboriton
38
Q

Prevention and Treatment of Lepto:

  1. Vax?
  2. ____ in the feed help to reduce shedding, but do not….
A
  1. Every 6 months, usually in combo with parvovirus
  2. Antibiotics (tetracyclines)

DOES NOT ELIMINATE CARRIER STATE

39
Q
  1. Lepto (is/is not) a reportable disease?

2. Brucella suis (is/is not) a reportable disease?

A
  1. Is not

2. Is

40
Q

Brucella suis:

  1. Repro effects in Sow?
  2. In boar?
A
  1. abortions, still birth, infertility. Piglet mortality

2. orchitis

41
Q

Brucella suis:

  1. Transmission?
A

introduced and transmited by boar. They can carry it for > 4 years. Infections occur at coitus or ingestion of infected material

42
Q

B. Suis:

  1. End result if sow is infectd between days 30-40?
  2. (sows/boars) shed large numbers of bacteria?
A
  1. Abortion between days 65-80.

2. Sows

43
Q

B. Suis:

  1. Lesions in sows?
A
  1. granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, ASG, liver, kidney.
44
Q

B. Suis:

  1. No ___ immunity.
  2. Can also be spread by what two other animals?
A
  1. durable immunity

2. rabbits and rodents

45
Q

Prevention of B. Suis:

1.
2.

A
  1. Report positive animals

2. Test and slaughter, than buy replacements from certified brucellosis-free herd.

46
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

  1. Clinical significance?
  2. What happens in acute cases?
A
  1. Many pigs carry it on tonsils w/o CxS.

2. organism enters circulation via pharynx and infects blood vessels

47
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

  1. How is it transmitted?
  2. Clinical course depends on ___-
A
  1. Via contaminated feed and water

2. Stress = acute or chronic

48
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

Clinical presentation in:

  1. Little pigs?
  2. Gilts?
  3. Sows?
A
  1. arthritis
  2. fever and skin lesions
  3. abortion secondary to fever and septicemia
49
Q

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome:

  1. Organism type?
  2. Sow mortality rate?
  3. Transmission?
A
  1. Arterivirus.
  2. 5-10%
  3. Direct contact w/ semen, aerosols
50
Q

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome:

Two clinical forms it can take?

1.
2.

A
  1. Repro failure

2. Post-weaning respiratory disease

51
Q

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome:

Repro Failure form has what clinical effects?

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. premature farrowing
  2. Increased stillbirths/mummies
  3. weak neonates
  4. increased abortion
52
Q

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome:

Post-weaning respiratory disease form has what clinical effects?

1.
2.

A
  1. decreased average daily gain

2. increased mortality

53
Q

Diagnosis of Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome:

  1. ____ = preferred

2.

A
  1. herd serology

2. virus isolation from aborted fetuses

54
Q

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome: Prevention and Treatment:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Symptomatic therapy
  2. ISOLATION AND ACCLIMATIZATION
  3. Vax with MLV or killed product
55
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

  1. clinical presentation?
A

SMEDI - stillbirths, mummies, embryonic death, infertility

56
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

Routes on infection?

A

oral, venereal

57
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

Pathogenesis?

A

viremia –>transplacental crossing —> fetal vasculitis and death

58
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

Litters with dead fetuses and embryos may be carried > ____days

59
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

most commonly affects what type of pregnant animals?

A

naive replacement gilts

60
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

T/F: Sows infected do not usually show signs until farrowing

61
Q

Porcine Parvovirus: Diagnosis methods:

1.
2.
3.
4. ***

A
  1. Gross and histological evaluation of lesions on aborted fetuses
  2. Examine vax program
  3. Serology
  4. Clinical signs of increased irregular returns to estrus and increased mummies****
62
Q

Porcine Parvovirus:

Prevention and treatment:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Proper acclimatization of replacement gilts**
  2. Regular vaccination of breeding herd
  3. No treatment except for suportive care for the aborting sows or gilts
63
Q

Aujesky’s aka ___

A

Pseudorabies

64
Q

Pseudorabies:

  1. Causative organism?
  2. Can cause ____, ___, ____
A
  1. Herpes virus

2. encephalities, repro failure, reduced litter size

65
Q

Pseudorabies:

  1. (can/cannot) be transmitted in semen?
A
  1. Can. Especially if boar is under stress
66
Q

Pseudorabies:

Transmission methods?

1.
2.
3.
4.

A

None-to-nose contact, fecal oral, aerosol, semen

67
Q

Pseudorabies:

Clinical signs if:

  1. Young (< 7 days)?
  2. Weaned pigs and older?
  3. Shared between all ages?
  4. Pregnant?
A
  1. CNS signs
  2. Resp. Signs
  3. Fever, anorexia, weight loss
  4. resorption, abortion, increased mummies and stillbirths
68
Q

Pseudorabies:

Diagnosis:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Gross +/- histological lesions (pulmonary edema, meningioencephalitis)
  2. Virus isolation
  3. Serology
69
Q

Pseudorabies:

Prevention methods:

1.
2.

A
  1. Eradication of whole herd population or positive breeding animals.
  2. Vax with a G1 gene-deleted product
70
Q

Hog Cholera:

  1. Hog Cholera (is/is not) reportable?
  2. Pseudorabies (is/is not) reportable
A
  1. Is

2. Is not

71
Q

Hog Cholera:

  1. Current US Status?
A
  1. Reportable disease eradicated in the 1970s.
72
Q

Hog Cholera:

  1. aka _____
  2. Natural host?
A
  1. classical swine fever

2. Pigs

73
Q

Hog Cholera:

Clinical Signs:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Cyanosis
  3. Fever
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Vomiting
  6. Abortions
74
Q

Hog Cholera:

Best diagnostic test to differentiate from other viral infections?

A

Fluorescent antibody test

75
Q

Zearalenone

  1. aka ____
  2. causes ______
A
  1. fusarium roseum

2. implantation failure

76
Q

Zearalenone

  1. Clinical presentation in females?
  2. In prepubertal males?
A
  1. signs of estrus, mammary development and vaginal discharge
  2. reduced testicular development and feminization
77
Q

Other moldy feed toxins:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Trichotecene toxin
  2. Fumonison
  3. Aflatoxin
78
Q

Other moldy feed toxin effects:

  1. Trichotecene toxin?
  2. Fumonism?
  3. Aflatoxin?
A
  1. toxic to embryos and fetus
  2. indirect cause of abortion via severe reduction in cardiac output of sows
  3. poor piglet growth
79
Q

Carbon monoxide:

  1. _____ is considered a toxic dose.
  2. Clinical presentation?
  3. End result?
A
  1. 220 ppm
  2. cherry red tissues from carboxyhemoglobin
  3. late-term abortions
80
Q

Nutritional Factors and their effect on reproduction:

  1. decreased Ca/P?
  2. Iodine?
  3. Selenium?
A
  1. farrowing difficulty (inertia)
  2. increased stillbirths
  3. MMA, primary uterine inertia
81
Q

Nutritional Factors and their effect on reproduction:

  1. low iron?
  2. low protein?
  3. low energy?
  4. high energy?
A
  1. piglet anemia and stillbirths
  2. increased WEI (Weaning to Estrus Interval)
  3. increased WEI
  4. decreased litter size

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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