Canine Pharmaceuticals Flashcards
Split Estrus: Presents as…:
short interval between clinical signs of proestrus
Ovaban - Megestrol Acetate:
Progestin - Approved for use in bitches or queens?
bitches only. caused diabetes mellitus in queens.
Ovaban - Megestrol Acetate:
dosing schedule?
daily dosing
Ovaban - Megestrol Acetate:
dosing/schedule for proestrus:
1 mg/lb PO every 8 days. Must be started in first 3 days of proestrus to be effective.
Ovaban - Megestrol Acetate:
Has what effect if given in proestrus?
Next cycle will be 4-6 weeks earlier
Side Effects of Progesterone adminstration:
Predisposes to :
1.
2.
- CEH
2. Pyometra
Progesterone needs to be in the ___ ng/mL or lower range to consider supplementing
3
Administer Prometrium through what method?
(decrease/increase) the dose as you get close to whelping
- orally
2. taper
Use Regumate (early/later) in pregnancy?
Why use it?
later.
Allows you to measure P4 to see if hypoluteoidism is real or not
Supplemental progesterone:
Ideally given when?
Why?
After 45 days of pregnancy or avoid first trimester minimally .
To avoid masculinization of female pups
Remove progesterone 2-3 days prior to due date = Why?
to allow cervix to relax adequately
Mibolerone - What kind of drug?
androgenic contraceptive
Mibolerone:
How does it work?
prevents LH release by negative feedback, thereby preventing estrus
Mibolerone:
contraindicated in what species? why?
not approved for use in what dogs?
Cats –> liver toxicity
Breeding Bitches
Mibolerone:
Dosing/administration schedule?
daily oral dosing started 30 days prior to next anticipated cycle
Mibolerone:
Side effects:
1.
2.
3.
- clitoral hypertrophy
- vaginitis
- lowered fertility of next heat
Mibolerone:
Approved for a maximum of how long?
24 months
Mibolerone:
Used in bitches with…
Why?
short interestrus intervals.
because short IEI may lead to infertility, early embryonic death, or small litter size
Testosterone
- used occasionally in what animals?
- Usually started when?
- Side effects?
- racing greyhounds
- Pre-puberty
- minimal
Deslorelin - GnRH analogue
(short/long)-acting?
a long acting implant
Deslorelin - GnRH analogue
How it works?
down-regulates putiutary-gonadal axis
Deslorelin - GnRH analogue
Advantages?
Safe and reversible
Deslorelin - GnRH analogue
Purpose of using it?
suppression of repro function of dogs in situations where a reduced testosterone level is required, such as controlling antisocial behavior and treating prostatic enlargement.
“Mismating” Shots:
Giving a shot of _____ within 72 hours of breeding.
estrogen.
“Mismating” Shots:
Causes….
“tubular lockage” and disrupts/alters uterine environment
“Mismating” Shots:
Side effect?
25% get pyometra
Estrogen Toxicity:
Can cause _____
Clinical significance?
bone marrow suppression
lethal and irreversible
Estrogen Toxicity:
Prevent by….
not repeating ECP (Estradiol cypionate) injections more frequently than once every 30 days
Alternatives to “Mismating shots”
1.
2.
3.
- Spaying once in diestrus
- Waiting until Day 28-30, than aborting
- Allowing whelping, followed by euthanasia of pups
Antiprogestins
- How they work?
bind to progesterone receptors
Antiprogestins
Main animal product one?
Can be used as an…
Aglepristone
early mismating shot
Multiple small injections of Prostaglandin will have what desired effect?
lyse the CL of bitch or queen.
Multiple small injections of Prostaglandin will have what side effect?
smooth muscle contractions that minimize over time, drops in BP, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, panting
Prostaglandin injections:
Used to treat: 1. 2. 3. 4. to assist in...
- pyometra
- retained placenta
- mismating shots
- collection of males
Prolactin Inhibitors:
1.
2.
- Bromocriptine - Dopamine Agonist
2. Cabergoline - Serotonin antagonist
Prolactin Inhibitors:
Effect? Use when?
luteotropic = lyses CL’s
During 2nd trimester
Abortion Induction:
Use what drug if before gestation?
Lutalyse
Abortion Induction:
Use what drug if after mid-gestation?
Bromocryptine plus lutalyse
Bromocryptine plus lutalyse as mid-gestation abortion induction:
Advantage over Cabergoline?
less expensive
Bromocryptine plus lutalyse as mid-gestation abortion induction:
After dosing, do what to the bitch?
walk her, to avoid side effects from prostaglandin
Bromocryptine plus lutalyse as mid-gestation abortion induction:
takes how many doses before abortion is complete?
10-12 doses
Estrus induction:
When would you want to do it?
When bitch does not come back into estrus for a prolonged period.
Estrus induction:
Use what drug?
Cabergoline (serotonin antagonist).
Estrus induction with Cabergoline:
___% will induce within 14 days
70%
Estrus induction with Cabergoline:
Make sure low ___ before start.
P4
Canine Psuedopregnancy:
Definition
syndrome of mammary development, galactorrhea, nesting behavior, mothering behavior
Canine Psuedopregnancy:
Normal in dogs when?
after estrus in bitches
Canine Psuedopregnancy:
Happens when in queens?
ONLY after theyve been stimulated to ovulate
Canine Psuedopregnancy:
Treatment:
1.
2.
- Cabergoline
2. Time (self limiting)
Unwanted uterine contractions:
Often dogs on…
Whelpwise
Unwanted uterine contractions:
- Best treatment?
- Less effective tx?
- Terbutaline - a Beta 2 agonist
2. Progesterone
Unwanted uterine contractions:
Side effects of high terbutaline dosages?
cardiac effects
Unwanted uterine contractions:
Look for what as causes of abnormal contractions?
1.
2.
3.
- Dead pup
- infection
- inflam
Domperidone
Used for bitch that…
whelps with little to no milk
