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Therio - RUSS > Canine Male Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Male Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome:

A complication of what surgery?

More common in cats or dogs?

A

OHE

Cats

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2
Q

Diagnosis of Ovarian Remnant Syndrome:

1.
2.
3
4.

A
  1. Cytology indicating proestrus/estrus
  2. U/S reveals soft tissue mass
  3. Hormones
  4. Administration of GnRH or hCG, than checking P4 1-2 weeks later
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3
Q

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome:

Hormone levels that would diagnose it?
1.
2.

A
  1. Estradiol > 20 pg/mL

2. P4 > 2 ng/mL in diestrus

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4
Q

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome:

Treatment:
1.
2.

A
  1. Exploratory laparotomy to remove ovary

2. Submit for histopath

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5
Q

Limitations of Different methods of Ovarian Remnant Syndrome diagnosis:

  1. Vaginal cytology?
  2. LH?
  3. Stimulation testing?
A
  1. useful only if animal presents during late proestrus or estrus
  2. A single high LH test will not confirm spay status. False positives can occur.
  3. costly and requires multiple blood tests
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6
Q

Spaychek - Preventia Diagnostics:

  1. Tests what hormone? Where is that hormone made?
A
  1. Anti-Mullerian hormones, produced by ovarian follicles
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7
Q

Vaginitis:

  1. Definition
A

small amount of purulent discharge in prepubertal bitch

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8
Q

Vaginitis:

Best treatment method?

A

Scientific neglect

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9
Q

Vaginitis:

Main clinical sign?

A

recessed vulva

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10
Q

Vaginitis in Puppy:

Treatment?

A

Estrogen therapy, and delay spay until 1st estrus

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11
Q

Vaginitis: Adult onset:

Primarily seen in what animals?

A

bitches spayed before their estrus cycle

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12
Q

Vaginitis: Adult onset:

DDx:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. skin disease (perivulvar dermatitis)
  2. Anatomic - inverted juvenile vulva
  3. Urinary tract infections
  4. Foreign bodies
  5. tumors
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13
Q

Treatment for Adult vaginitis: Hormonal?

1.
2.
3.
4. Treat for how long?

A
  1. DES to thicken vaginal epithelium and improve urinary incontinence
  2. Estrogen cream
  3. Premarin tablets (conjugated estrogens)
  4. Continue until > 70% anucleated superficial cells, than maintain 10 days past that
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14
Q

Treatment for Adult vaginitis: Surgery

  1. Method?
  2. benefit?
  3. Do it when?
A
  1. removal of excess skin folds around the vulva
  2. Allows freer voiding of urine
  3. only done when problem is serious
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15
Q

3 main infectious diseases of canine repro

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Brucella canis
  2. Mycoplasma
  3. Canine Herpesvirus
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16
Q

Canine Brucellosis:

2 main clinical effects?

A
  1. Abortion due to placentitis

2. Orchitis/epididymitis

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17
Q

Canine Brucellosis:

Transmission methods?

A

MM contact or contact with organism

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18
Q

Canine Brucellosis:

Will find _____ in placenta and epidiymis

A

erythritol

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19
Q

Canine Brucellosis:

Diagnosis via:

  1. Absolute confirmation?
  2. Good screening test?
  3. To rule out false positives?
  4. Good specific test?
  5. Use ___ to differentiate from other issues.
A
  1. Culture ( may be painful)
  2. Rapid Slide Agglutination test
  3. Agar Gel immunodiffusion test
  4. Immunofluorescent antibody test
  5. U/S to differentiate from other issues
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20
Q

Canine Brucellosis:

You should test dog if testes are (shrunken/enlarged)?

A

enlarged

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21
Q

Canine Brucellosis:

Usually treat by ____ + _____

A

castration and antibiotics

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22
Q

Brucella Canis Rapid Slide Agglutination Test

Technique Steps:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. 1 drop of control in one test circle and one drop of patient sample in the other.
  2. Add 1 drop of agglutination antigen and mix
  3. Gently rock card for 10-15 seconds.
  4. place on flat surface and observe for agglutination for no longer than 2 minutes
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23
Q

Interpretation of Brucella Rapid Slide Agglutination Test results:

  1. False negatives occur when:
  2. False positives occur for what two reasons?
A
  1. Early in disease process?

2. Lack of specificity of test, cross-reactivity with other antigens

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24
Q

Plan for Brucella canis if:

Positive results in routine screen?

A

AGID to rule out false positive

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25
Q

Plan for Brucella canis if:

positive with clinical signs?

A

Blood or discharge cultures

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26
Q

Plan for Brucella canis if:

negative on routine screen?

A

no other test needed

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27
Q

Plan for Brucella canis if:

negative with clinical signs?

A

3 monthly tests to rule out false negative

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28
Q

Ways to prevent Brucella canis:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. test all new additions three times before introducing to population
  2. Test all breeding animals annually to biannually
  3. AI can decrease male exposure
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29
Q

Mycoplasma

Treatment?

A

Doxycycline 5-8 mg/kg po BID

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30
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma can also be in male dogs.

A

T

31
Q

Clinical signs of Mycoplasma infection:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. low conception
  2. abnormal cells in semen
  3. high rate of fetal resportion
32
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma infections take a long time to treat compared to Ureaplasma infection

A

F they both take a long time to treat

33
Q

Mycoplasma Dx:

Requires…

A

guarded culture swab and special growth medium

34
Q

Canine Herpevirus:

  1. Main clinical effect?
A

Neonatal death

35
Q

Canine Herpesvirus

  1. A ____-sensitive virus that replicates in….
A
  1. temperature

oronasal pharynx

36
Q

Canine Herpesvirus

  1. (low/high) morbidity? Mortality?
  2. No illness in animals older than…
A
  1. High - Ubiquitous, near 100% mortality

2. older than 3 weeks

37
Q

Critical time frame for canine herpesvirus

In the naive bitch?

A

last three weeks of pregnancy and first three weeks of neonatal life

38
Q

Critical time frame for canine herpesvirus

No problems expected if exposed when?

1.
2.

A
  1. During breeding

2. after 2-3 weeks postpartum

39
Q

Clinical Signs of Canine Herpesvirus:

In puppies?

A

Fading puppies:

crying, greenish stool, abdominal pain

40
Q

Clinical Signs of Canine Herpesvirus:

Two ways to prevent further death in infected puppies?

A
  1. Give pooled serum from + female to puppies (after making sure the female donors are not shedding, just positive titers)
  2. Hyperimmune plasma
41
Q

Clinical Signs of Canine Herpesvirus:

After the first litter, all subsequent litters from an infected bitch will be _(normal/infected)

A

normal

42
Q

Clinical Signs of Canine Herpesvirus:

  1. Necropsy will reveal:
  2. Histopath?
A
  1. petechial hemorrhages in organs.

2. INIB

43
Q

Management options if herpes is already in the kennel:

1.
2. Signs that it’s active?
3.

A
  1. Expose naive bitch to positive bitches so she gets it when not pregnant
  2. See nasal discharge and vesicles in vagina
  3. vax
44
Q

Testicular Descent:

Testes should be in scrotum by what age?

A

10 days

45
Q

Testicular Descent:

Considered cryptorchid if testicles not in scrotum by what age?

A

6 months

46
Q

Testicular Descent:

How to diagnose?

A

Give 500 IU IM HcG (100 IU if large), than take baseline testosterone readings at 4hr and 8hr post injection.

Should more than double baseline testosterone if testes are present

47
Q

Testicular Torsion

Treatment of choice?

A

Bilateral orchidectomy

48
Q

What occurs within 4 hours of onset in testicular torsion

A

Autoantibodies against testicular tissue

49
Q

Testicular Tumors:

Which kinds are most common:

_____ > _____ > ____

A

Sertoli > Seminoma > Leydig/interstitial cell

50
Q

Testicular Tumors:

Which two kinds can have hormonal effects?

These hormonal effects can result in _____

A

Sertoli and Leydig

Paraneoplastic syndrome

51
Q

Sertoli Cell Tumor:

Bilateral in ___%.

May be associated with ____ caused by secretion of ____

A

45

feminizing
estrogen

52
Q

Testicular Tumors:

How to differentiate from Brucellosis?

A

by no pain on palpation, U/S, and biopsy

53
Q

Which type of testicular tumor causes atrophy of opposite testis?

A

Sertoli

54
Q

Cryptorchidism increases incidence of tumors by ____x, and specifically increases incidence of Sertoli cell tumors by ___x

A

13.6

23

55
Q

Testicular tumor-induced hyperestrogenism: CxS:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
  1. Pendulous prepuce
  2. Comedomes/hyperpigmentation
  3. Alopecia
  4. Testicular atrophy
  5. Prostatic cyst
  6. Gynecomastia
56
Q

Causes of Azoospermia:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Retrograde ejaculation
  2. Incomplete ejaculation
  3. Pre-testicular causes
  4. Testicular causes
  5. Bilateral cryptochidism
  6. Testicular neoplasia
57
Q

Diagnostic test for Incomplete ejaculation?

A

Alk phos in seminal fluid < 5000 U/L

58
Q

Best way to diagnose Intersex animals?

A

Karyotyping

59
Q

Transmissible Venereal Tumor:

  1. Transmission?
A

mucous membrane contact

60
Q

Transmissible Venereal Tumor:

  1. Usually treatable via…
  2. Main differential?
A
  1. chemo (vincristine)

2. SCC

61
Q

Transmissible Venereal Tumor:

(is/is not) a cause of azoospermia?

A

is NOT

62
Q

Transmissible Venereal Tumor:

Cytology appearance?

A

Round cells, more cytoplasm, looks like histiocytoma

63
Q

Urethral Prolapse:

  1. Genetic predisposition in what breed?
  2. Pathognomonic appearance?
A
  1. English bulldog

2. “red pea” appearance at tip of penis

64
Q

Urethral Prolapse:

  1. etiologic causes:
  2. Tx?
A
  1. idiopathic or sexual arousal

2. Surgical removal of prolapse tissue

65
Q

Priapism:

  1. Definition?
  2. Usually caused by ___ problem
A
  1. rare occurence of persistent erection

2. Neurologic

66
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:

  1. (young/old) males?
  2. (intact/neutered)?
  3. mean age of onset?
A
  1. old
  2. intact
  3. 8 years
67
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:

Clinical Signs:

  1. can be….
  2. primary complaint?
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. serosanguineous urethral discharge
  3. hematuria/dysuria
  4. rectal tenesmus with ribbon-like flate feces
  5. caudal abdominal pain
  6. infertility
68
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:

Diagnosis via:

A

Digital rectal palpation.

69
Q

Digital Rectal Palation to dx Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:

  1. In younger dogs, the prostate is normally where?
  2. in older dogs?
A

1, on the pelvic floor, close to the pelvic brim.

  1. over the pelvic brim, falling cranially into the abdomen.
70
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:

DDx:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Acute bacterial prostatitis
  2. Chronic bacterial prostatitis
  3. Prostatic adenocarcinoma
  4. Prostatic and paraprostatic cysts
71
Q

Chronic Prostatitis
Dx via Prostatic Wash:

  1. Benign if…
  2. Tumor if…
  3. Septic if…
A
  1. uniform cells
  2. variable cells
  3. inflam cells
72
Q

Chronic Prostatitis

  1. most common cause of bacterial prostatitis?
  2. treatment of choice?
A

E. Coli

Castration

73
Q

BPH Drugs:

  1. ______ - Mechanism of Action?
    Main drug in this class?
A
  1. 5a reductase inhibitors. Blocks the action of testosteroone and dihydrotestosterone.
    Finasteride (proscar)

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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