Canine Breeding Management Flashcards
Ovulation:
LH peaks how long into estrus? Caused by…..
24-48 hours.
estrogen peak
Ovulation:
LH has a very (short/long) peak duration?
very short. Assayed daily to detect the peak rise
Ovulation takes place how long after LH surge? What day of estrus is this around?
24-48 hours post LH surge
day 3-4 of estrus.
In the bitch, a _______ is ovuated (__N)m and must go through further division to a ______ (__N) before it is ready for fertilzation.
primary oocyte (2N)
Secondary oocyte (1N)
How long does it take a primary oocyte to become a secondary oocyte post ovulation?
How long is the secondary oocyte viable for fertilization?
2-3 days
3-4 days
What hormone is used as the modern standard for breeding management?
Progesterone - P4
Progesterone:
Semiquantitative or Quantitative methods preferred?
Quantitative
What are the two quantitative methods for progesterone measurement:
1.
2.
- Radioummunoassay - RIA
2. Chemoluminescence
Sampling schedule for Progesterone?
M-W-F
Inital rise in P4 coincides to _____
LH Peak
Start monitoring P4 3-4 days after ____ or when……
proestrus or when vaginal cornification is 50% superifical and 20% anucleated cells
Progesterone Evaluation: Values
- LH peak = ___ng/mL
- Ovulation starting = ___ng/mL
- Ovulation confirmed if > ___ng/mL
- 2 ng/mL
- 5 ng/mL
- 15 ng/mL
Failure to confirm ovulation is a common mistake that can be due to:
1.
2.
3.
- Conception failure
- Small litter (single pup syndrome)
- Inaccurate due date determination
When do you want to breed with natural or shipped semen after you have confirmed ovulation via P4 testing?
48 hr and 96 hrs after
When do you want to breed with frozen semen after you have confirmed ovulation via P4 testing?
72 hours
Embryos remain in oviduct for how many days after ovulation?
They enter the uterus as a _____ or _____
9-10 days
late morula or early blastocyst
Canine oocytes are good for up to ____hrs post-ovulation
108
Describe alternate day breeding for bitch:
breeding every 2-3 days until bitch no longer stands
Reasons to attempt alternate day breeding:
1.
3.
- Canine spermatozoa may be good for up to 6 days in genital tract of bitch
- Higher conception rates
- Later litter sizes
LH Assay:
A more or less definitive method than progesterone?
More definitive
Disadvantage of LH assays:
Must take daily blood samples
T/F: An animal with high LH has always just ovulated
F, spayed animals will have high LH due to no negative feedback
You want your male to have how many progressively motile morphologically normal spermatozoa for breeding?
200 * 10^6
Would like your male to have.
- ___% normal spermatozoa morphology?
- ___% normal motility?
- Should test negative for ____
- 80%
- 80%
- Brucella canis
Formula for normal size estimate of testes:
Scrotal Width = .324 ( log of body weight) + 1.249
When assesing scrotum, be sure to assess for _____.
Symmetry
Avoid including the ____ in testicular measurements
epididymis
Most commonly used method of semen collection?
Manual stimulation
Semen collection options:
- _____ used in conjunction with manual stimulation. Benefit?
- _____. Requires…..
- Chemical ejaculation. May increase spermatozoa numbers
2. Electroejaculation. Requires GA
Manual collection of Semen:
- Hold hand caudal to ____, than slide prepuce over it.
bulbous glandis.
3 Fractions of Manual Semen collection:
Pre-sperm, sperm-rich, prostatic portion
Manual collection gets you how much sperm per ejaculate?
300 mil - 2 bil
Options for Chemical Ejaculation:
1.
2.
- Oxytocin
2. Prostaglandin
Chemical Ejaculation Techniques:
- Oxytocin?
- Prostaglandin?
- 5 IU subcuticular or IM 5-10 min prior to manual stimulation
- .1 mg/kg SubQ or IM 15 min prior to manual stimulation
Semen Evaluation:
- Conc should be…
4-400 * 10^6/mL
Semen Eval:
total sperm/ejaculation?
300-2000 * 10^6
When performing trans-cervical insemination, the catheter may advance to the ____ which lies _______ to the cervial opening.
fornix
cranio-ventral
Cooled Semen for AI:
- Avoid accidentally inserting catheter into ____
bladder
Cooled Semen for AI:
Extend semen 1:1 to 1:4 with ____. Why?
commercial extender
remove excess fluids
Semen Freezing:
Usually frozen in what forms?
on dry ice in pellets or straws
Semen Freezing:
Avg dog may have __-__ pellets per dose, and should get about ___ doses per ejaculate.
10-12
3+
Use of Frozen Semen:
Ned to breed using _____ or _____ method to ensure semen in uterus
Transcervical or Surgical
Describe the surgical method of frozen semen insemination
midline laparotomy, use 22 g needle placed obliquely into lumen. Be sure to visualize distension of uterine horn with injection to ensure you are in lumen.
Use (rigid/flexible) endoscope to visualize cervix during surgical insemination?
rigid
Reasons why breeding won’t occur:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
- Female is in proestrus
- Vaginal anomaly - band of tissue
- Arthritis in male = pain when breeding
- Prostatic pain in male
- Penile issue
- Breed
- Uncooperative dogs
Vaginal Strictures/Band:
Tend to be around what area?
Vestibulo-vaginal area
Superfecundation =
Two males breed the same female during a single estrus.
Superfetation =
where a female may be bed and get pregnant, and than go through another receptive period and get pregnant again - fetuses are different ages
not in dogs
