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Therio - RUSS > Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 1 > Flashcards

Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Early Embryonic Death definition:

A

fetal death at less than 8 weeks

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2
Q

Abortion timeframe:

A

between 42/56 days and 260 days of gestation

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3
Q

Stillbirth timeframe:

A

Fetal death greater than 260 days

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4
Q

Traditionally only __-___% of cases submitted to labs recieve a definitive diagnosis of abortion.

A

25-35%

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5
Q

(Early Embryonic Death/Abortion/Stillbirth) is the sequal to what happened in the past.

A

Abortion

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6
Q

Best tissues to submit for diagnosis of abortion:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Placenta
  2. Fetus
  3. Maternal Blood
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7
Q

How should you prepare samples for submission to labs for abortion diagnosis?

A

Clean with water/saline and chill.

Samples should be split and submitted frozen and chilled.

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8
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

A bacteria/virus/protozoa?

A

bacteria.

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9
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

What type of bacteria is it?

A

Gram + coccobaccilus

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10
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Although found everywhere, where will it be concentrated on a farm?

A

In rotting hay and improperly stored silage

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11
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Pathogenic steps:
1. How it enters?
2.
3.
4.
5. End Result:
A 
Ingestion --> 
replications in monocytes/macrophages --> 
placenta --> 
placentitis and fetal septicemia --> 
abortion
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12
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Has predilection for what tissues?

A

Fetoplacental

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13
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

What happens to fetus when infected in utero?

A

retained for a few days and undergo severe autolysis

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14
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

When does it cause abortion?

A

Abortion in last trimester

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15
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes does/does not result in sick infected cows before, during, and after abortion.

A

Does, it causes encephalitis

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16
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Diagnosis method?

A

Via isolation of organism in fetal tissues or placenta

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17
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Lesions on fetus?
1.
2.

A
  1. Autolysed

2. Foci of necrosis in liver

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18
Q

What bacterial cause of infection will result in similar lesions to BHV-1?

A

LIsteria monocytogenes, they both cause foci of necrosis in liver

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19
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Lesions on placenta?

A

Pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotyledonary villi with focal or diffuse intercotyledonary placentitis

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20
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Treatment?

A

Cow usually recovers on it’s own.

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21
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Prevention methods:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Proper Silage Storage
  2. Clean up around old, wet hay rings
  3. Do not feed rotten material to pregnant animals
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22
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis:

  1. A (bacteria/virus/protozoa)?
  2. all serovars are…
A
  1. bacteria

2. zoonotic

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23
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis:

Has what effects if:

  1. Host adapted?
  2. Non-host adapted?
A
  1. insidious repro loss = infertility

2. Abortion storms

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24
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis Pathogenesis:

Incubation period length?
Followed by….

A

4-10 days

Bacteremia, localization in renal tubules, than shedding.

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25
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis CxS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Often none.
  2. Hemolytica anemia
  3. Hepato/renal disease
  4. Abortion
  5. Photosensitization
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26
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis Transmission Routes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. URINE
  2. placental fluids
  3. milk
  4. transplacental
  5. Semen
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27
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis
Can survive in wet environment for how long?

A

30 days

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28
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis Diagnosis:

Is (easy/difficult) to culture?

A

difficult

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29
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis Diagnosis: 
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. Clinical history
  2. Dark field microscopy
  3. Fluorescent antibody test in fetal kidneys or maternal urine
  4. PCR of fetal and maternal tissue
30
Q

T/F Dam serology testing for diagnosis of Leptospirosis is not recommended.

A

T, not much help because once abortion occurs, maternal Ab are already elevated

31
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis Prevention:
1.
2.

A
  1. Limit exposure to wildlife

2. Vccinate

32
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis vaccination

What vaccine for:

  1. Non-host adapted?
  2. Host adapted?
  3. Can also vaccinate when?
A
  1. Multivalent
  2. Monovalent
  3. during outbreak
33
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:

What type of bacteria?

Intra/extracellular?

A

Gram - Coccobacillus

Intracellular

34
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:

Causes what zoonotic disease?

A

Undulant fever

35
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:

Primary means of transmission?

Secondary?

A

via mucuous membranes (ie cows go lick an aborted fetus like a bunch of idiots)

Bull carrier

36
Q

Describe pathogenic route of brucella abortus through the mucous membranes

A

mucous membranes –>
Lymph node –>
Bacteremia –>
uterus –>
multiplication in chorioallantoic trophoblasts –>
fetal bacteremia and chorioallantoic necrosis –>
abortion

37
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:

Clinical Signs:

  1. Abortion: when?.
  2. followed by….
A

after 5 months gestation

Retained fetal membranes and metritis

38
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:
Diagnosis:

1.
2, Definitive diagnosis requires…..

A
  1. Placentitis - moroccan leather of intercotyledonary areas

2. Isolation of organism from fetal tissues, uterine tissues, or placenta

39
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:

Treatment for positives?

A

NONE

40
Q

Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus:

Prevention:
1.
2.

A
  1. Routine serologic testing to ID infected herds

2. Vax of heifers = Bangs vax at 4012 months

41
Q

Brucella Tag Descriptions:

R =
Shield =

A

R = vaccination is done

Shield = brucella

42
Q

Infectious infertility: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma:

T/F: BOTH organisms are found in normal female repro tract.

A

T

43
Q

Infectious infertility: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma:

Clinical signs:
1.
2.

A
  1. Granular vulvovaginitis

2. Saplingitis –> infertility

44
Q

Mycoplasma and ureaplasma are a (common/uncommon) cause of abortion.

When do they cause abortion?

A

Uncommon.

early and late term abortion

45
Q

Infectious infertility: Haemophilus somnus:

(Is/Is not) a common inhabitant of vagina?

A

IS

46
Q

Infectious infertility: Haemophilus somnus:

Role in infertility?

A

controversial, it’s more likely to cause weak calves and stillbirths than it is to cause abortion

47
Q

Infectious Infertility: Campylobacter foetus veneralis

Describe it’s appearance

A

Gram negative rod, comma shaped

48
Q

Which campylocbacter species are GI tract inhabitants:
1.
2.

A

C. Fetus fetus

C. Fetus jejuni.

49
Q

C. Fetus fetus
C. Fetus jejuni

(are/are not) transmitted venereally?

Main clinical sign?

A

are not

sporadic abortions

50
Q

Campylobacer foetus veneralis

Pathogenic steps:
1. Transmission via
2.
3.
4.
5. End result?
A
  1. Coitus
  2. colonizes vagina and cervix
  3. moves to uterus and oviducts
  4. infection
  5. EED
51
Q

Campylobacer foetus veneralis

Clinical Signs:

  1. Primary?
  2. Rarely observed signs: ___, ___, ___
A
  1. Delayed return to estrus

2. vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis

52
Q

Campylobacer foetus veneralis

What percent will abort fetuses? When will they abort?

A

< 10%

4-6 months

53
Q

Campylobacer foetus veneralis

Clinical signs in infected bull?

A

None

54
Q

Campylobacer foetus veneralis Diagnosis:

  1. _____. Sample to use: ___, ____, ____
A
  1. Clark’s Media: Preputial scrapings, vaginal mucus, fetal abomasal contents/placenta
55
Q

Campylobacer foetus veneralis Treatment:

  1. Bulls?
  2. Cow?
A
  1. Cull bulls.

2. Will clear in 3-6 months

56
Q 
Campylobacer foetus veneralis 
Ways to prevent?
1.
2.
3.
A
  1. AI
  2. Use Camp negative bulls
  3. Vaccines
57
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

What kind of organism?

A

Flagellated protozoa

58
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Appearance?

A

Pyriform shape, 3 anterior and one posterior flagella

59
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Habitat?

A

Preputial crypts in older bulls, vagina or uterus

60
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Transmission?

A

Coitus from male to female. Establishes infection in vagina, than progresses to uterus

61
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Effect on:

  1. Conception?
  2. Fetus?
A
  1. does not affect

2. fetal loss, usually EED

62
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Primary reservoirs?

A

Bulls

63
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Dx:

  1. Examine _____.
  2. Clinical Signs?
  3. Samples?
A
  1. Herd History
  2. Clinical Signs
  3. Fetal fluids, Uterine contents, Cervico-vaginal mucus, pre-putial wash
64
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Herd Health Diagnosis:

  1. Will see _____ graph. Indicates what?
A
  1. Reverse stair step. Gradual increase in herd infertility.
65
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Herd Health Diagnosis:

Will see prolonged ____ intervals.

Abortions (early/late)?

A

interestrus

early.

66
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Clinical signs in :
1. Male?

A
  1. Subclinical
67
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus:

Prevention:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Use only culture negative or bulls < 4 yrs old
  2. Test and cull bulls
  3. Use AI
  4. Sexual rest for cows for min 3 cycles - breed to uninfected bulls
  5. Quarantine herd.
  6. Vaccines - doesn’t prevent dz, but shortens recovery interval
68
Q

Neospora caninum:

  1. What kind of organism is it?
A
  1. Protozoa
69
Q

Neospora caninum:

  1. Definitive host?
  2. Transmission method?
A
  1. Dogs

2. Ingestion of dog/coyote feces, primarily transmitted vertically

70
Q

Neospora Caninum:

CxS:

  1. Dam?
  2. Calves?
A
  1. None.

2. Normal, weak, or aborted

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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