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Therio - RUSS > Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 1 > Flashcards

Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Early Embryonic Death definition:

A

fetal death at less than 8 weeks

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2
Q

Abortion timeframe:

A

between 42/56 days and 260 days of gestation

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3
Q

Stillbirth timeframe:

A

Fetal death greater than 260 days

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4
Q

Traditionally only __-___% of cases submitted to labs recieve a definitive diagnosis of abortion.

A

25-35%

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5
Q

(Early Embryonic Death/Abortion/Stillbirth) is the sequal to what happened in the past.

A

Abortion

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6
Q

Best tissues to submit for diagnosis of abortion:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Placenta
  2. Fetus
  3. Maternal Blood
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7
Q

How should you prepare samples for submission to labs for abortion diagnosis?

A

Clean with water/saline and chill.

Samples should be split and submitted frozen and chilled.

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8
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

A bacteria/virus/protozoa?

A

bacteria.

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9
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

What type of bacteria is it?

A

Gram + coccobaccilus

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10
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Although found everywhere, where will it be concentrated on a farm?

A

In rotting hay and improperly stored silage

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11
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Pathogenic steps:
1. How it enters?
2.
3.
4.
5. End Result:
A 
Ingestion --> 
replications in monocytes/macrophages --> 
placenta --> 
placentitis and fetal septicemia --> 
abortion
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12
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Has predilection for what tissues?

A

Fetoplacental

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13
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

What happens to fetus when infected in utero?

A

retained for a few days and undergo severe autolysis

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14
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

When does it cause abortion?

A

Abortion in last trimester

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15
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes does/does not result in sick infected cows before, during, and after abortion.

A

Does, it causes encephalitis

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16
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Diagnosis method?

A

Via isolation of organism in fetal tissues or placenta

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17
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Lesions on fetus?
1.
2.

A
  1. Autolysed

2. Foci of necrosis in liver

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18
Q

What bacterial cause of infection will result in similar lesions to BHV-1?

A

LIsteria monocytogenes, they both cause foci of necrosis in liver

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19
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Lesions on placenta?

A

Pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotyledonary villi with focal or diffuse intercotyledonary placentitis

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20
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Treatment?

A

Cow usually recovers on it’s own.

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21
Q

Infectious Infertility: Listeria Monocytogenes

Prevention methods:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Proper Silage Storage
  2. Clean up around old, wet hay rings
  3. Do not feed rotten material to pregnant animals
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22
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis:

  1. A (bacteria/virus/protozoa)?
  2. all serovars are…
A
  1. bacteria

2. zoonotic

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23
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis:

Has what effects if:

  1. Host adapted?
  2. Non-host adapted?
A
  1. insidious repro loss = infertility

2. Abortion storms

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24
Q

Infectious Infertility:

Leptospirosis Pathogenesis:

Incubation period length?
Followed by….

A

4-10 days

Bacteremia, localization in renal tubules, than shedding.

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25
Infectious Infertility: ``` Leptospirosis CxS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ```
1. Often none. 2. Hemolytica anemia 3. Hepato/renal disease 4. Abortion 5. Photosensitization
26
Infectious Infertility: ``` Leptospirosis Transmission Routes? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ```
1. URINE 2. placental fluids 3. milk 4. transplacental 5. Semen
27
Infectious Infertility: Leptospirosis Can survive in wet environment for how long?
30 days
28
Infectious Infertility: Leptospirosis Diagnosis: Is (easy/difficult) to culture?
difficult
29
Infectious Infertility: ``` Leptospirosis Diagnosis: 1. 2. 3. 4. ```
1. Clinical history 2. Dark field microscopy 3. Fluorescent antibody test in fetal kidneys or maternal urine 4. PCR of fetal and maternal tissue
30
T/F Dam serology testing for diagnosis of Leptospirosis is not recommended.
T, not much help because once abortion occurs, maternal Ab are already elevated
31
Infectious Infertility: Leptospirosis Prevention: 1. 2.
1. Limit exposure to wildlife | 2. Vccinate
32
Infectious Infertility: Leptospirosis vaccination What vaccine for: 1. Non-host adapted? 2. Host adapted? 3. Can also vaccinate when?
1. Multivalent 2. Monovalent 3. during outbreak
33
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: What type of bacteria? Intra/extracellular?
Gram - Coccobacillus Intracellular
34
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: Causes what zoonotic disease?
Undulant fever
35
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: Primary means of transmission? Secondary?
via mucuous membranes (ie cows go lick an aborted fetus like a bunch of idiots) Bull carrier
36
Describe pathogenic route of brucella abortus through the mucous membranes
mucous membranes --> Lymph node --> Bacteremia --> uterus --> multiplication in chorioallantoic trophoblasts --> fetal bacteremia and chorioallantoic necrosis --> abortion
37
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: Clinical Signs: 1. Abortion: when?. 2. followed by....
after 5 months gestation Retained fetal membranes and metritis
38
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: Diagnosis: 1. 2, Definitive diagnosis requires.....
1. Placentitis - moroccan leather of intercotyledonary areas | 2. Isolation of organism from fetal tissues, uterine tissues, or placenta
39
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: Treatment for positives?
NONE
40
Infectious Infertility: Brucella Abortus: Prevention: 1. 2.
1. Routine serologic testing to ID infected herds | 2. Vax of heifers = Bangs vax at 4012 months
41
Brucella Tag Descriptions: R = Shield =
R = vaccination is done Shield = brucella
42
Infectious infertility: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma: T/F: BOTH organisms are found in normal female repro tract.
T
43
Infectious infertility: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma: Clinical signs: 1. 2.
1. Granular vulvovaginitis | 2. Saplingitis --> infertility
44
Mycoplasma and ureaplasma are a (common/uncommon) cause of abortion. When do they cause abortion?
Uncommon. early and late term abortion
45
Infectious infertility: Haemophilus somnus: (Is/Is not) a common inhabitant of vagina?
IS
46
Infectious infertility: Haemophilus somnus: Role in infertility?
controversial, it's more likely to cause weak calves and stillbirths than it is to cause abortion
47
Infectious Infertility: Campylobacter foetus veneralis Describe it's appearance
Gram negative rod, comma shaped
48
Which campylocbacter species are GI tract inhabitants: 1. 2.
C. Fetus fetus | C. Fetus jejuni.
49
C. Fetus fetus C. Fetus jejuni (are/are not) transmitted venereally? Main clinical sign?
are not sporadic abortions
50
Campylobacer foetus veneralis ``` Pathogenic steps: 1. Transmission via 2. 3. 4. 5. End result? ```
1. Coitus 2. colonizes vagina and cervix 3. moves to uterus and oviducts 4. infection 5. EED
51
Campylobacer foetus veneralis Clinical Signs: 1. Primary? 2. Rarely observed signs: ___, ___, ___
1. Delayed return to estrus | 2. vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis
52
Campylobacer foetus veneralis What percent will abort fetuses? When will they abort?
< 10% 4-6 months
53
Campylobacer foetus veneralis Clinical signs in infected bull?
None
54
Campylobacer foetus veneralis Diagnosis: 1. _____. Sample to use: ___, ____, ____
1. Clark's Media: Preputial scrapings, vaginal mucus, fetal abomasal contents/placenta
55
Campylobacer foetus veneralis Treatment: 1. Bulls? 2. Cow?
1. Cull bulls. | 2. Will clear in 3-6 months
56
``` Campylobacer foetus veneralis Ways to prevent? 1. 2. 3. ```
1. AI 2. Use Camp negative bulls 3. Vaccines
57
Tritrichomonas foetus: What kind of organism?
Flagellated protozoa
58
Tritrichomonas foetus: Appearance?
Pyriform shape, 3 anterior and one posterior flagella
59
Tritrichomonas foetus: Habitat?
Preputial crypts in older bulls, vagina or uterus
60
Tritrichomonas foetus: Transmission?
Coitus from male to female. Establishes infection in vagina, than progresses to uterus
61
Tritrichomonas foetus: Effect on: 1. Conception? 2. Fetus?
1. does not affect | 2. fetal loss, usually EED
62
Tritrichomonas foetus: Primary reservoirs?
Bulls
63
Tritrichomonas foetus: Dx: 1. Examine _____. 2. Clinical Signs? 3. Samples?
1. Herd History 2. Clinical Signs 3. Fetal fluids, Uterine contents, Cervico-vaginal mucus, pre-putial wash
64
Tritrichomonas foetus: Herd Health Diagnosis: 1. Will see _____ graph. Indicates what?
1. Reverse stair step. Gradual increase in herd infertility.
65
Tritrichomonas foetus: Herd Health Diagnosis: Will see prolonged ____ intervals. Abortions (early/late)?
interestrus early.
66
Tritrichomonas foetus: Clinical signs in : 1. Male?
1. Subclinical
67
Tritrichomonas foetus: ``` Prevention: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ```
1. Use only culture negative or bulls < 4 yrs old 2. Test and cull bulls 3. Use AI 4. Sexual rest for cows for min 3 cycles - breed to uninfected bulls 5. Quarantine herd. 6. Vaccines - doesn't prevent dz, but shortens recovery interval
68
Neospora caninum: 1. What kind of organism is it?
1. Protozoa
69
Neospora caninum: 1. Definitive host? 2. Transmission method?
1. Dogs | 2. Ingestion of dog/coyote feces, primarily transmitted vertically
70
Neospora Caninum: CxS: 1. Dam? 2. Calves?
1. None. | 2. Normal, weak, or aborted

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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