Breeding Soundness Evaluation in Bulls Flashcards
Components of a soundness evaluation:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- Eval of bulls history
- General PE
- Examination of the testes and measurement of scrotal circumference
- Detailed examination of the genital tract
- Collectivization and analysis of representative semen samples
4 Parts of the Bull BSE guidelines
- PE
- Minimum scrotal circumference based on age
- Minimum progressive motility of 30%
- Minimum of 70% morphologically normal cells
Why would you schedule a test mating for a bull?
If the bull has a history of infertility or failure to breed
T/F: Test mating is not included in routine BSE
T
Test mating can reveal:
1.
2.
3.
- Penile deviations
- Evaluations of libido
- Ability to make intromission
A bulls permanent ID can be given in what forms:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Metal ear tag
- Tattoo
- Hot brand
4 Freeze brand
5 Horn brand
6 EID
Palpation of Penis:
- How to perform?
- (Should/should not) be freely movable?
- through the sheath
2. Should be
Things to look for during visualization of penis:
1.
2.
3.
- Warts
- Hair ring
- Persistent frenulum
Testicle Palpation should be (soft/firm)?
Scrotum should be (pendulous/tightly adhered)?
firm
pendulous
T/F: Scrotal circumference is important to measure due to it’s close correlation with daily sperm output
T
Which accessory gland will you have trouble palpating?
Bulbourethral glands
Which structure during rectal palpation will feel like a broomstick on the floor of the pelvis and has muscular contractions while palpating?
Urethralis m
Which structure during rectal palpation will feel like a ring on a giants finger?
Prostate
Which lobulated structures during rectal palpation will be paired, symmetrical, freely movable and located craniolateral to the prostate?
Seminal vesicles (vesicular glands)
Which structure during rectal palpation will feel thick walled and tubular, and lies along the midline between the seminal vesicles?
Ampulla
Which structure during rectal palpation will be felt cranial and ventraolateral to the pelvic brim, and feel like slits in the abdominal oblique muscle?
Inguinal rings.
Greater than ________ size inguinal rings may be predisposed to herniation
three fingers
Semen Collection methods:
- most common?
- useful with young bulls?
- use exclusively at bull stud operations?
- Electro-ejaculation
- Manual massage
- Artificial Vagina (AV)
How to examine gross motility of semen?
A undiluted drop of semen on a warmed slide under low power.
How to examine progressive motility of semen?
40X power with a small amount of semen diluted with saline.
Minimum acceptable progressive motility?
30%
How to examine mophology of semen?
Semen stained with eosin-nigrosin stain with oil at 1000X.
How can you classify semen during morphological evaluation:
- Based on origin of defect?
- Based on association with infertility?
- Based on significance?
- normal/primary/secondary
- Minor/Major
- Compensable/Noncompensable
Minimum acceptable morphology for semen evaluation?
70% normal
Semen Slide preperation
add semen to a drop of stain on the slide
when would you stain semen with Diff-Quik? Why?
If vesiculitis is suspect, because than you can see the WBCs
Primary sperm morphological defect:
- Origin of defect?
- Usually involves what part of semen?
- originates in testis during spermatogenesis, aka “production problem”
- Head and middle piece
Secondary Sperm morphological defect:
- Origin of defect?
Originates in the epididymis, aka “Transit defect”
Definition:
Major vs Minor Sperm defects
Major - those that have been proven to be associated with infertility
Minor - not associated with infertility
Define: A compensable sperm defect
A morphological defect that can be compensated for by additional normal sperm.
Define: A non-compensable sperm defect
An abnormality that will express a decrease in fertility at the % level of ocurrence. They compete directly with normal sperm, but do not achieve fertilization
A bent tail spermatozoa is an example of a (compensable/non-compensable) sperm defect?
Explain
compensable.
can’t swim normal, don’t make it to oviduct, doesn’t induce arcosome rxn.
Addition of normal spermatozoa would increase chances of fertilization
Examples of sperm structural abnormalities:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Ruffled arcosome
- Severely bent tail
- Pseudo-droplet (a mitochondrial defect)
- Mis-shaped head
- Distal cytoplasmic droplet
- Giant head
Final Classifications given to Bulls on BSE:
1.
2.
3.
- Satisfactory
- Unsatisfactory
- Deferred
How often can you re-test BSE?
every 60 days
