Reproductive Diseases of the Bull Flashcards
Penile Papilloma:
Etiology:
- Caused by what organism?
- How it spreads?
- Enters via…
- Bovine papilloma virus
- homosexual riding among young bulls
- via wounds
Clinical Signs of Penile Papillomas:
1.
2.
3.
- Scant hemorrhage after coitus
- Hesitancy to extend penis or breed
3 Usually single, pedunculated growth
Penile Papilloma:
Complications:
1.
2.
- Recurrence
2. Urethral injury
Penile Hair Rings:
- Etiology:
- How it spreads?
- Body hair accumulation on penis
2. Homosexual riding among young bulls
Penile Hair Rings:
Treatment?
Removal
Penile Hair Rings:
Complications:
1. _________ —-> ________
2.
- Necrosis of urethra —-> fistula
2. Amputation of glans penis
T/F: With persistent frenulum, the penis can still extend, but it will have a ventral deviation
T
Preputial Trauma and Laceration:
Predisposing factors
1.
2.
3.
- Excessive pendulous sheath
- Excessive preputial length
- Large preputial orifice
DDx for Preputial trauma and Laceration:
1.
2.
3.
- Hematoma
- Retropreputial abscess
- Urethral rupture
Preputial Laceration:
Etiology:
excess prepuce forced caudally during intromission forms a collar of tissue (donut) that gets trapped between, longitudinal laceration occurs on ventral surface during ejaculatory lunge and heals transversely
Retracted preputial laceration can lead to:
1.
2.
- Preputial adhesions
2. Abscess formation
T/F: you should never use a needle to get a diagnosis of preputial laceration
T, it can contaminate the fibroelastic layers and cause adhesions or abscess
Conservative therapy of Preputial Laceration involves:
1.
2.
3.
- Cleaning damaged tissues
- Emollient ointment = Petercillin
- Bandaging and slings
What is Petercillin? What is it composed of?
An emollient ointment used to treat preputial lacerations
Contains 2 g tetracycline power, 60 mL scarlet oil, and 500 g anhydrous lanolin
Pre-surgical therapy for Preputial Laceration treatment includes
1.
2.
3.
- Reduce edema as much as possible
- Petercillin
- Prophylactic antibiotics
Three ways to reduce edema before preputial laceration surgery:
1.
2.
3.
- Hydrotherapy
- Pressure bandage
- Slinging prepuce with burlap material
Surgical Techniques for Preputial Lacerations:
1.
2.
3.
- R/A (circumcision)
- Amputation of affected prepuce (plastic-ring technique)
- Preputial reconstruction (scar revision)
Resection and Anastomosis as treatment for Preputial Laceration:
Keys to success:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- Aseptic technique
- Hemostasis
- Avoid urine contamination
- Keep tissue happy
- 60-120 days sexual rest post-op
Resection and Anastomosis as treatment for Preputial Laceration:
Guideline for maximum amount of prepuce removed?
Remaining prepuce should be minimum of 1.5 times the length of free portion of penis
Plastic Ring for Preputial Amputation
Perform on what animals, in what scenario?
When you have limited facilities with economic value of the bull
Plastic Ring for Preputial Amputation
Surgical Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Polyvinyl tubing placed into preputual prolapse
- Ligating sutures
- Amputate prepuce
- Remove ring after two weeks
Penile Hematoma:
_______mm Hg required to rupture tunica albuginea of penis
75,000
Penile Hematoma
Breed predisposition?
herefords
Where do penile hematomas most often occur on the penis?
dorsal aspect of distal bend of sigmoid flexure at the insertion of retractor penis mm.
Penile Hematomas are most commonly (longitudinal/transverse) to the long axis of penis?
Transverse
Clinical Signs of Penile Hematoma
1.
2.
- Swelling in sheath immediately cranial to base of scrotum
2. Usually symmetrical swelling
Medical Treatment for Penile Hematoma:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Absolute sexual rest for 60 days at least
- Systemic antibiotics
- Hydrotherapy
- Treat prepuce if needed
What % of bulls with penile hematomas treated medically will return to service?
50%
Surgical Therapy for Penile Hematoma:
Perform surgery how long after injury?
What percent will return to service?
3-7 days
80%
Surgical Therapy for Penile Hematoma:
Analgesia/Anesthesia required?
Heavy sedation or GA
Surgical Therapy for Penile Hematoma:
Repair defect in ______
Tunica albuginea
Surgical Therapy for Penile Hematoma:
Post op?
1.
2.
- Antibiotics
2. Minimum 60 days sexual rest
Preputial Avulsion:
Definition?
Prepuce torn from connection to free portion of penis
Most common etiology for Preputial Avulsion?
Stud bulls injured by artificial vagina
What causes an S-shaped penile deviation?
Is it common or rare?
apical ligament is too short
rare
What causes a rainbow/ventral penile deviation?
Apical ligament is too long
What causes a corkscrew or spiral penile deviation?
Apical ligament cannot be maintained in a normal position
Best way to diagnosis penile deviation?
Test mating
Vesiculitis
Usually affects young or old?
young bulls
Vesiculitis
Organisms that most commonly cause it:
1.
2.
3.
- B. abortus
- A. pyogenes
- H. somnus
Vesiculitis
On palpation, will feel:
lack of lobulations
Vesiculitis
- (is/is not) painful.
- Best way to treat?
- Is
2. Antibiotics like tetracycline
Epididymitis:
Most commonly unilateral or bilateral?
unilateral
Epididymitis:
Often seen in combo with what other diseases?
Vesiculitis/orchitis
Epididymitis:
Caused by what organisms:
1.
2.
- A. pyogenes
2. B. abortus
Epididymitis:
- Diagnosis method?
- Treatment method?
- Collection, look for WBCs with Diff-quik
2. Antibiotics like tetracycline
