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Therio - RUSS > Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 2 > Flashcards

Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 main viruses that cause infectious infertility?

A

IBR

BVD

Bluetongue

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2
Q

What is the most frequently diagnosed cause of viral abortion in north america?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

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3
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Caused by what virus?

A

BHV-1

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4
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

In venereal form, abortions are (common/rare)?

A

rare.

instead you see infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis

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5
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

_____ transmission is possible

A

Airborne

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6
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Transmission methods for venereal form?
1.
2.
3.

A

Coitus

Instruments

Semen

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7
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Transmission methods for systemic form?
1.
2.

A
  1. mucus membrane contact

2. shed in aborted fetuses and from respiratory tract

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8
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Pathogenic steps of systemic form after exposure?

A

Virus replication –>
fetal infection –>
Abortion

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9
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Abortions can occur with ___-___% of cows in herd

A

25-60%, abortion storm

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10
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Abortions occur when?

A

between 4-8 months gestation

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11
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Clinical signs of venereal form?

A

pustules, nodules, ulcers, erosions on vulva and penis

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12
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Diagnosis:

  1. ______ = suggestive of dx.
  2. ____ confirms
A
  1. lesions

2. IHC and microscopic exam revealing intranuclear inclusion bodies

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13
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Lesions that are suggestive of diagnosis?

A

autolysed fetus, foci of necrosis in liver and other organs

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14
Q

Which agent is most likely responsible for a clinically sick cow that aborts:

Lepto
Listeria
Vibro
Brucella

A

Listeria. They get encephalitis

The rest are all relatively silent clinical sign-wise

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15
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Treatment of Venereal form?

A

lesions will spontaneously resolve in 1-2 weeks

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16
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Control and prevention:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Biosecurity
  2. Vax
  3. AI - use negative semen
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17
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

What type of virus?

A

single stranded enveloped RNA virus

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18
Q

T/F

BVDV biotypes are based on what the virus does in cell culture, not based on virulence

19
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Two different biotypes:

A

Cytopathic

Non-cytopathic

20
Q

What is the clinical significance of the non-cytopathic biotype of BVDV?

A

Leads to persistently infected calves that will shed the virus

21
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Transmission is:
A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Both
D. Neither
22
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Vertical Transmission is important for two broad reasons:
1.
2.

A
  1. Where creation of persistently infected calves occurs

2. Depending on time of fetal exposure, different disease manifestations occur.

23
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Horizontal Tranmission occurs most often via….

A

Persistently infected calf shedding high numbers of virus particles.
OR
Fomites

24
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

An acutely infected animal was usually exposed via….

A

Persistently infected calves

25
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Virus can be shed in what substances?

A

Tears, Feces, Saliva, Urine, Semen, Milk

26
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

PI: Two ways they occur?

A

(PI = persistently infected)

  1. PI cows create PI calves
  2. Fetus infected in utero prior to day 120-150
27
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Clinical features of PI animal:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Ill-Thift
  2. Intermittent diarrhea
  3. Chronic Respiratory Disease
28
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Most PI animals (do/do not) show clinical signs

29
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Diagnostic confirmation of PI animal:
1.
2.

A
  1. Remain virus neutralizatio negative with tests 14 days apart
  2. Remains virus isolation positive for 14 days or longer
30
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Potential economic reproductive impacts:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. decreased conception
  2. abortions
  3. stillborn
  4. weak calves
  5. ovarian pathology
31
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Potential production-related economic impacts:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Decreased weight of gain
  2. Respiratory
  3. Decreased immune status
  4. Decreased milk
32
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Diagnosis Methods:

  1. Gold standard? Downside of this method?
    2.
    3.
    4.
A
  1. Virus isolation. Maternal antibodies interfere
  2. Immunohistochemistry
  3. PCR
  4. ELISA
33
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Control methods:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Sound biosecurity measures

2. Vaccines

34
Q

Bluetongue Virus Infection

Type of virus?

35
Q

Bluetongue Virus Infection

Infects what species?

A

Cattle and sheep

36
Q

Bluetongue Virus Infection

Tramsmission via?

A

Cullcoides

37
Q

Bluetongue Virus Infection

Minor cause of _____, major cause of _____

A

Abortion

teratogenesis

38
Q

Bluetongue Virus Infection

(easy/difficult) to diagnose

39
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

Causes ____% of fungal abortions in cattle

40
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

Transmission propagated in what seasons? Why?

A

winter/spring during confinement

41
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

Pathogenic Steps:
1. Transmission method?
2.
3.
4. end result?
A
  1. Ingestion –>
  2. Hematogenous spread –>
  3. Placentitis
  4. Abortion
42
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

Lesions:

  1. Location? Lesions?
  2. Location? Lesions
A
  1. Placenta - necrotic cotyledons and thickened intercotyledonary space
  2. Fetus - mycotic plaques on skin that resemble ringoworm
43
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

Diagnosis via?

A

demonstration of fungal hyphae on microscope or histopath

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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