Infections and Abortions in Bovine Part 2

Question 1

3 main viruses that cause infectious infertility?

Answer 1

IBR

BVD

Bluetongue

Question 2

What is the most frequently diagnosed cause of viral abortion in north america?

Answer 2

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Question 3

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Caused by what virus?

Answer 3

BHV-1

Question 4

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

In venereal form, abortions are (common/rare)?

Answer 4

rare.

instead you see infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis

Question 5

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

_____ transmission is possible

Answer 5

Airborne

Question 6

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Transmission methods for venereal form?
1.
2.
3.

Answer 6

Coitus

Instruments

Semen

Question 7

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Transmission methods for systemic form?
1.
2.

Answer 7

1. mucus membrane contact

2. shed in aborted fetuses and from respiratory tract

Question 8

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Pathogenic steps of systemic form after exposure?

Answer 8

Virus replication –>
fetal infection –>
Abortion

Question 9

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Abortions can occur with ___-___% of cows in herd

Answer 9

25-60%, abortion storm

Question 10

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Abortions occur when?

Answer 10

between 4-8 months gestation

Question 11

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Clinical signs of venereal form?

Answer 11

pustules, nodules, ulcers, erosions on vulva and penis

Question 12

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Diagnosis:

1. ______ = suggestive of dx.
2. ____ confirms

Answer 12

1. lesions

2. IHC and microscopic exam revealing intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 13

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Lesions that are suggestive of diagnosis?

Answer 13

autolysed fetus, foci of necrosis in liver and other organs

Question 14

Which agent is most likely responsible for a clinically sick cow that aborts:

Lepto
Listeria
Vibro
Brucella

Answer 14

Listeria. They get encephalitis

The rest are all relatively silent clinical sign-wise

Question 15

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Treatment of Venereal form?

Answer 15

lesions will spontaneously resolve in 1-2 weeks

Question 16

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis:

Control and prevention:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 16

1. Biosecurity
2. Vax
3. AI - use negative semen

Question 17

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

What type of virus?

Answer 17

single stranded enveloped RNA virus

Question 18

T/F

BVDV biotypes are based on what the virus does in cell culture, not based on virulence

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Two different biotypes:

Answer 19

Cytopathic

Non-cytopathic

Question 20

What is the clinical significance of the non-cytopathic biotype of BVDV?

Answer 20

Leads to persistently infected calves that will shed the virus

Question 21

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Transmission is:
A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Both
D. Neither

Answer 21

C. Both

Question 22

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Vertical Transmission is important for two broad reasons:
1.
2.

Answer 22

1. Where creation of persistently infected calves occurs

2. Depending on time of fetal exposure, different disease manifestations occur.

Question 23

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

Horizontal Tranmission occurs most often via….

Answer 23

Persistently infected calf shedding high numbers of virus particles.
OR
Fomites

Question 24

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus:

An acutely infected animal was usually exposed via….

Answer 24

Persistently infected calves

Question 25

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Virus can be shed in what substances?

Answer 25

Tears, Feces, Saliva, Urine, Semen, Milk

Question 26

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: PI: Two ways they occur?

Answer 26

(PI = persistently infected) 1. PI cows create PI calves 2. Fetus infected in utero prior to day 120-150

Question 27

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Clinical features of PI animal: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 27

1. Ill-Thift 2. Intermittent diarrhea 3. Chronic Respiratory Disease

Question 28

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Most PI animals (do/do not) show clinical signs

Answer 28

Do not

Question 29

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Diagnostic confirmation of PI animal: 1. 2.

Answer 29

1. Remain virus neutralizatio negative with tests 14 days apart 2. Remains virus isolation positive for 14 days or longer

Question 30

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: ``` Potential economic reproductive impacts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ```

Answer 30

1. decreased conception 2. abortions 3. stillborn 4. weak calves 5. ovarian pathology

Question 31

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Potential production-related economic impacts: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 31

1. Decreased weight of gain 2. Respiratory 3. Decreased immune status 4. Decreased milk

Question 32

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Diagnosis Methods: 1. Gold standard? Downside of this method? 2. 3. 4.

Answer 32

1. Virus isolation. Maternal antibodies interfere 2. Immunohistochemistry 3. PCR 4. ELISA

Question 33

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Control methods: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 33

1. Sound biosecurity measures | 2. Vaccines

Question 34

Bluetongue Virus Infection Type of virus?

Answer 34

Orbivirus

Question 35

Bluetongue Virus Infection Infects what species?

Answer 35

Cattle and sheep

Question 36

Bluetongue Virus Infection Tramsmission via?

Answer 36

Cullcoides

Question 37

Bluetongue Virus Infection Minor cause of _____, major cause of _____

Answer 37

Abortion teratogenesis

Question 38

Bluetongue Virus Infection (easy/difficult) to diagnose

Answer 38

difficult

Question 39

Aspergillus fumigatus Causes ____% of fungal abortions in cattle

Answer 39

70

Question 40

Aspergillus fumigatus Transmission propagated in what seasons? Why?

Answer 40

winter/spring during confinement

Question 41

Aspergillus fumigatus ``` Pathogenic Steps: 1. Transmission method? 2. 3. 4. end result? ```

Answer 41

1. Ingestion --> 2. Hematogenous spread --> 3. Placentitis 4. Abortion

Question 42

Aspergillus fumigatus Lesions: 1. Location? Lesions? 2. Location? Lesions

Answer 42

1. Placenta - necrotic cotyledons and thickened intercotyledonary space 2. Fetus - mycotic plaques on skin that resemble ringoworm

Question 43

Aspergillus fumigatus Diagnosis via?

Answer 43

demonstration of fungal hyphae on microscope or histopath