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Therio - RUSS > Canine Pregnancy > Flashcards

Canine Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Gravidity =

A

the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a uterus

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2
Q

Pre-Breeding Veterinary Care:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
  1. Brucellosis screen
  2. Core Vaccines
  3. Anthelmintics (hookworms/roundworms)
  4. Flea control
  5. Heatworm preventative
  6. OFA (hip dysplasia)
  7. CERF - canine eye registration foundation
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3
Q

4 main methods of pregnancy diagnosis:

A
  1. Abdominal palpation
  2. U/S
  3. Radiographs
  4. Relaxin assay
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4
Q

Pregnancy Diagnosis:

Abdominal Palpation:

  1. Best for what days of gestation?
  2. Will feel like…
A
  1. 21-28 days

2. String of pearls

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5
Q

Pregnancy Dx:
Radiography:

  1. Safe after how many days?
  2. Best to perform when? Why?
A
  1. 42 days

2. last week, due to calcification

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6
Q

Ultrasound as pregnancy diagnosis method:

  1. Benefit?
  2. Limitation?
A
  1. Confirms fetal viability

2. Inaccurate on count

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7
Q

Relaxin:

  1. comes from…
  2. Measurable in serum after how many days of gestation?
A
  1. placenta

2. 21-28 days

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8
Q

Abdominal Palpation technique:

  1. Locations to palpate specifically:
A
  1. flank and lower abdomen
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9
Q

Good Pregnancy Management Techniques:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Regular exercise = fewer dystocia
  2. Weight control = fewer dystocia
  3. Nutrition - increase 50% in last trimester
  4. Multiple small meals
  5. Fish oil
  6. Avoid all other supplements
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10
Q

Ways to predict whelping:

1.
2.

A
  1. Body Temp drops 24 hours prior d/t drop in progesterone

2. Whelpwise = Tocodynometry and/or fetal heart rate monitoring

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11
Q

Whelpwise:

  1. Start monitoring how soon before due date? Why?
  2. Detects what stage of labor?
  3. Allows monitoring of….
A
  1. 1-2 weeks before, to establish baseline
  2. Stage I labor
  3. fetal distress
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12
Q

Progesterone and Whelping Date:

Progesterone levels at:

  1. 36 hrs prior to whelping?
  2. 18 hours prior?
  3. 9 hours prior?
A
  1. 10 ng/mL
  2. 4 ng/mL
  3. 2 ng/mL
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13
Q

Features of a good whelping/queening area:

1.
2.
3

A
  1. Out of traffic patterns
  2. “Pig rails”
  3. Washable bedding
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14
Q

Vaginal Discharges during Pregnancy and their significance:

Occasional mucus?

A

normal

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15
Q

Vaginal Discharges during Pregnancy and their significance:

Hemorrhagic?

A

Normal, may be a sign of impending abortion. Eval cytology and perform vaginoscopy

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16
Q

Vaginal Discharges during Pregnancy and their significance:

Purulent

A

Pyometra or dead fetus

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17
Q

T/F: Routine antibiotic administration is recommended for queens during pregnancy

A

F, only if necessary

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18
Q

Antibiotics you can use in a pregnant bitch:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Clavamox
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Quinolones
  4. Ampicillin
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19
Q

Best way to confirm fetal wastage?

A

U/S

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20
Q

Causes of Fetal Wastage:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Trauma
  2. Heat stress
  3. Luteal insuff.
  4. Infectious (virus/bact/protozoa)
  5. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
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21
Q

Fetal Wastage: treatment?

A

Evacuate uterine contents if all puppies/kittens dead

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22
Q

Primary uterine intertia dx method?

A

P4 < 2 ng/mL with no labor

23
Q

Uterine Torsion:

  1. (common/rare)?
  2. Clinical Presentation?
A
  1. Uncommon

2. Acute abdomen pain and distress, but may be asymptomatic until dystocia

24
Q

Diagnosis of Uterine Torsion method?

A

Exploratory laparotomy

25
Q

Initiation of Parturition:

  1. Progesterone levels?

2 Body temp?

  1. Milk evident in glands how many days prior?
  2. Nesting behavior how long prior?
A
  1. fall rapidly, < 2 ng/mL
  2. Transient drop
  3. 1-7 days prior
  4. 12-24 hours prior
26
Q

First stage of parturition:

  1. Begins after….
  2. Increase in ___ receptor sites
A
  1. Progesterone drop = removal of block from uterus = myometrial activity begins.
  2. oxytocin
27
Q

First stage of parturition:

CxS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. Nesting
  2. Anxiety
  3. Anorexia
  4. Vomiting
28
Q

Second Stage of Parturition:

  1. ___ reflex =
A
  1. Ferguson reflex = oxytocin release and abdominal contractions.
29
Q

Second stage of parturition:

____ appears first.

A

Amnion

30
Q

T/F: Breech presentations are a medical emergency.

A

False, they’re normal

31
Q

Second stage of parturition:

Greenish-black discharge = _____.

What is its clinical significance?

A

Uteroverdin.

Indicates placental margin hematoma.

32
Q

T/F”

The majority of cases have fetus delivery from alternating uterine horns

A

T

33
Q

Second stage of parturition:

Intervention criteria:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Active contractions > 1 hour
  2. Rest period > 4 hours
  3. Black thick discharge without fetus
34
Q

Fetal Presentation/Position/Posture:

  1. 60% born in _________
  2. 40% in _______
A
  1. cranial longitudinal presentation with front limbs extended
  2. Caudal longitudinal presentation with hind limbs extended.
35
Q

Fetal factors that affect Fetal Disposition (the three P’s)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Fetal monsters
  2. Anasarca
  3. multiple limbs
  4. Single pip
  5. Hydrocephalus
  6. Schistosomus
36
Q

Main maternal factors that can cause dystocia:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Primary uterine inertia
  2. Secondary uterine ineterita
  3. breed-related
  4. Conformation related
37
Q

Describe primary uterine intertia:

A

incompletely dilate cervix with no signs of second stage labor.

can be caused by hypocalcemia

38
Q

Describe secondary uterine inertia

A

Where pup obstructs and uterus gets tired

39
Q

Intervention for Dystocia:

  1. ____ should be considered early.
  2. If no obstruction is present, consider ___ or ____
A
  1. C-section

2. Oxytocin or Ca++

40
Q

Methods to determine fetal viability during dystocia:

1.
2.

A
  1. U/S

2. Rads

41
Q

Guide for Dystocia Intervention:

  1. If no intrapelvic onstruction?
  2. If pup within 30 min?
  3. If no pup?
A
  1. 1-2 IU of oxytocin
  2. Oxytocin q30 min until all pups delivered
  3. CA++ and than oxytocin. if still no pup 30 minutes later, C-Section
42
Q

T/F: Retention of placenta is rare

A

T

43
Q

Placenta type?

A

Zonary, endotheliochorial placenta

44
Q

How many C-sections can a bitch have in her lifetime?

A

3-4

45
Q

Factors that influence whether a bitch can have repeated C-section:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. How the hysterotomy incision healed
  2. Presence of adhesions
  3. Presence of serosal inclusion cysts
  4. Problems under anesthesia
  5. Concerns with body wall healing
  6. Bitches age/parity/health
46
Q

Postpartrum Period - Normal involution:

Color change?

A

red to brown

47
Q

Postpartrum Period - Normal involution:

Consistency change?

A

Watery to mucoid

48
Q

T/F Brownish mucoid lochia can be normal for 4-6 weeks postpartum

A

T

49
Q

Management of Dam:

Monitor ____ and ___ daily

A

mammary glands and vulvar discharges

50
Q

Management of Dam:

Food and water access?

during weaning?

A

unlimited

reduce food

51
Q

Sart weaning process at how old? complete by how old?

A

start at 3-4 weeks, complete by 5-8 weeks

52
Q

Care of Newborns:

Thermoregulation type for first 2-3 weeks?

A

Poikilothermic - assume ambient temp

53
Q

Care of Newborns:

Blood gas?

A

Respiratory and metabolic acidosis

54
Q

Monitoring Neonates:

Daily weight gain should be…

A

10% of birth weight gain daily

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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