Complications of Late Pregnancy Flashcards
Broad potential problems during the last half of gestation:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Placental / fetal issue
- Premature lactation
- Abdominal pain (colic)
- Abdominal distention
- Musculo-skeletal problems
- Prolonged gestation
Fetal mummification and maceration:
Whats the main difference?
Mummification fetal death in the absence of bacterial infection, maceration is dead fetus with bacterial contamination
Fetal mummification and maceration:
- Mare (is/is not) systemically ill?
- Tx?
- is not
2. Remove fetus, uterine therapy with lavage and antibiotics
Fetal evaluation: Fetal fluids:
- ____ and ____ depth can measured.
- Amniotic and allantoic
Fetal evaluation: Fetal fluids:
- Amniotic fluid depth should not exceed ___
- Allantoic fluid depth should not exceed ___
- 7.9 cm
2. 13.4 cm
Monitoring what variable on U/S is recommended in high risk pregnancies?
Utero-placental unit at the cervical pole (UPUCT)
Most reliable parameter to indicate fetal well-being?
How are these obtained?
Fetal Heart Rate / Fetal Heart Rate Reactivity
b mode or M-mode echocardiography
Signs of placentitis
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- Purulent vulval discharge (often not present)
- Udder development
- Premature lactation
- Cervical dilation
- None
Therapy methods for Ascending Placentitis:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Antibiotics that cross the placenta (TMS, Gentocin)
- Anti-inflammatories (Banamine)
- Uterine relaxants
- +/- Uterine blood flow
Hydropic conditions:
- Most common one?
- Characterized by____
- Mare (is/is not) affected?
- Rectal exam?
- Tx?
- Hydo-allantois
- Sudden onset of abdominal distension
- is, can be slightly painful
- will be difficult to identify foal due to lots of fluid
- induce abortion
Three broad types of clic in the late term mare:
1.
2.
3.
- Gastrointestinal
- Fetal movements
- Uterine torsion
Describe the clinical presentation of the late term colic:
- GI?
moderate to severe pain, rectal exam difficult, fecal production.
Describe the clinical presentation of the late term colic:
Fetal movements?
Acute onset, temporary duration
Describe the clinical presentation of the late term colic:
Uterine torsion:
Low grade pain, prolonged duration, refractory to painkillers. Dx via rectal exam
GI colic in late pregnancy:
- Risk of postoperative abortion is (low/high)?
- (is/is not) related to stage of gestation and lesion?
- low
2. is not
GI colic in late pregnancy:
Risk factors:
1.
2.
- Endotoxemia
2. Hypoxia
Uterine Torsion Colic in Late Pregnancy:
- Considered a (low/high) grade colic?
- Torsion is (caudal/cranial) of cervix?
- D/T displacement of _____
- low
- cranial
- broad ligament
Uterine Torsion Colic in Late Pregnancy:
- T/F: Can only be counterclockwise
- Failure to treat appropriately can lead to…
- F. can be either
2. Loss of viability or chronic torsion
Uterine Torsion Treatment:
Three options?
- Rolling = if in early stages of the last trimester
- Flank approach
- Ventral midline if foal is dead
Pre-pubic tendon rupture is characterized by:
1.
2.
3.
- Cranial displacement of the udder
- Obvious abdominal drop
- Sero-sanguinous to bloody mammary secretion
Prolonged gestation is defined as pregnancy lasting greater than…
> 360-380 days
Prolonged Gestation:
- (does/does not) usually result in birth of oversized fetus?
- Initial solution?
- does not
2. Try to wait for normal parturition and make sure there are no inciting causes
Prolonged gestation; caused by?
1.
2.
- Relationship to photoperiod = ~10 days longer in early spring than mid summer
- Arrest of embryonic / fetal development may occur in early pregnancy lasting 3-5 weeks
Fescue effects on late gestation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Decreased milk
- Prolonged gestation or even abortion
- Weak or dead foals
- Dystocia
