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Therio - RUSS > Complications of Late Pregnancy > Flashcards

Complications of Late Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Broad potential problems during the last half of gestation:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Placental / fetal issue
  2. Premature lactation
  3. Abdominal pain (colic)
  4. Abdominal distention
  5. Musculo-skeletal problems
  6. Prolonged gestation
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2
Q

Fetal mummification and maceration:

Whats the main difference?

A

Mummification fetal death in the absence of bacterial infection, maceration is dead fetus with bacterial contamination

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3
Q

Fetal mummification and maceration:

  1. Mare (is/is not) systemically ill?
  2. Tx?
A
  1. is not

2. Remove fetus, uterine therapy with lavage and antibiotics

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4
Q

Fetal evaluation: Fetal fluids:

  1. ____ and ____ depth can measured.
A
  1. Amniotic and allantoic
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5
Q

Fetal evaluation: Fetal fluids:

  1. Amniotic fluid depth should not exceed ___
  2. Allantoic fluid depth should not exceed ___
A
  1. 7.9 cm

2. 13.4 cm

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6
Q

Monitoring what variable on U/S is recommended in high risk pregnancies?

A

Utero-placental unit at the cervical pole (UPUCT)

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7
Q

Most reliable parameter to indicate fetal well-being?

How are these obtained?

A

Fetal Heart Rate / Fetal Heart Rate Reactivity

b mode or M-mode echocardiography

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8
Q

Signs of placentitis

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Purulent vulval discharge (often not present)
  2. Udder development
  3. Premature lactation
  4. Cervical dilation
  5. None
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9
Q

Therapy methods for Ascending Placentitis:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Antibiotics that cross the placenta (TMS, Gentocin)
  2. Anti-inflammatories (Banamine)
  3. Uterine relaxants
  4. +/- Uterine blood flow
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10
Q

Hydropic conditions:

  1. Most common one?
  2. Characterized by____
  3. Mare (is/is not) affected?
  4. Rectal exam?
  5. Tx?
A
  1. Hydo-allantois
  2. Sudden onset of abdominal distension
  3. is, can be slightly painful
  4. will be difficult to identify foal due to lots of fluid
  5. induce abortion
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11
Q

Three broad types of clic in the late term mare:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Gastrointestinal
  2. Fetal movements
  3. Uterine torsion
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12
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of the late term colic:

  1. GI?
A

moderate to severe pain, rectal exam difficult, fecal production.

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13
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of the late term colic:

Fetal movements?

A

Acute onset, temporary duration

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14
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of the late term colic:

Uterine torsion:

A

Low grade pain, prolonged duration, refractory to painkillers. Dx via rectal exam

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15
Q

GI colic in late pregnancy:

  1. Risk of postoperative abortion is (low/high)?
  2. (is/is not) related to stage of gestation and lesion?
A
  1. low

2. is not

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16
Q

GI colic in late pregnancy:

Risk factors:

1.
2.

A
  1. Endotoxemia

2. Hypoxia

17
Q

Uterine Torsion Colic in Late Pregnancy:

  1. Considered a (low/high) grade colic?
  2. Torsion is (caudal/cranial) of cervix?
  3. D/T displacement of _____
A
  1. low
  2. cranial
  3. broad ligament
18
Q

Uterine Torsion Colic in Late Pregnancy:

  1. T/F: Can only be counterclockwise
  2. Failure to treat appropriately can lead to…
A
  1. F. can be either

2. Loss of viability or chronic torsion

19
Q

Uterine Torsion Treatment:

Three options?

A
  1. Rolling = if in early stages of the last trimester
  2. Flank approach
  3. Ventral midline if foal is dead
20
Q

Pre-pubic tendon rupture is characterized by:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Cranial displacement of the udder
  2. Obvious abdominal drop
  3. Sero-sanguinous to bloody mammary secretion
21
Q

Prolonged gestation is defined as pregnancy lasting greater than…

A

> 360-380 days

22
Q

Prolonged Gestation:

  1. (does/does not) usually result in birth of oversized fetus?
  2. Initial solution?
A
  1. does not

2. Try to wait for normal parturition and make sure there are no inciting causes

23
Q

Prolonged gestation; caused by?

1.
2.

A
  1. Relationship to photoperiod = ~10 days longer in early spring than mid summer
  2. Arrest of embryonic / fetal development may occur in early pregnancy lasting 3-5 weeks
24
Q

Fescue effects on late gestation:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Decreased milk
  2. Prolonged gestation or even abortion
  3. Weak or dead foals
  4. Dystocia

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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