Canine Postpartum Diseases Flashcards
Metritis:
Definition?
Inflammation of the uterus (endometrium and myometrium)
Metritis:
A (local/systemic) infection?
systemic - fever, depression, purulent vulvar discharge
Metritis:
Diagnosis via: 1. 2. 3. 4.
- CBC
- Vaginal cytology
- Culture
- U/S
Metritis:
Treatment?
PGF2a to evacuate the uterus. Can use oxytocin, but it’s less effective.
Pyometra:
Occurs during what phase of estrous cycle?
Diestral - during progesterone phase.
Pyometra:
Seen during what days post-estrus in:
- bitch?
- queen?
- 60-90 days
2. anytime
Pyometra:
More common in (younger/older)?
older individuals
Pyometra:
May be associated with what other disease?
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia - Metritis Pyometra complex (CEHMP)
Definition?
Acute or chronic post-estrual disease with variable clinical signs/pathologic findings
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia - Metritis Pyometra complex (CEHMP)
Incidence (decreases/increases) with age?
increases
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia - Metritis Pyometra complex (CEHMP)
Pathogenesis:
Normal down-regulation of estrogen receptors due to increases P4 may be defective. Results in dogs getting prolonged effects of E2 on endometrium, leading to increases in P4 receptors.
Most common organism to cause secondary bacterial invasion?
E.Coli
What effect does increasing P4 have on estrogen-receptors?
down regulates them
Open vs Closed Pyometra:
Which one presents as more systemically ill?
Which one has discharge from vuvla?
Closed.
Open
Main clinical sign of open pyometra?
copious red-brown to yellow-green foul smelling vulvar discharge
Best ways to diagnose pyometra:
1.
2.
3.
- abdominal palpation
- radiography
- U/S
What will you see on a radiograph of pyometra?
outline of pus-filled uterine horns
Treatment of choice for pyometra?
OHE
Medical Therapy for Pyometra:
1, What do you give?
- Effect?
- For open or closed pyometra only?
- PGF2a - Lutalyse or Estrumate.
- smooth muscle contractions for uterine evacuation.
- open cervix pyometra only
Describe the technique for PGF2a administration as medical treatment of open pyometra
.05 mg/kg TID of lutalyse,
.01 mg/kg QUD misoprotol
100 micrograms per os every other day to help dilate cervix or place topically on cervix
Medical Therapy of Pyometra: Considerations:
1.
2.
3. Recommendation?
- Culture/sensitivity for appropriate microbial therapy
- Side effects of PGF2a including panting, salivating, vomiting, defecation, vocalization
- breed next occurring estrus, than spay.
For brood bitches:
- Breed (early/late).
- Try not to…
- Spay when?
- starting early.
- miss a cycle
- when you have obtained all litters desired to reduce risk of CEH/pyometra
Uterine Prolapse:
- (low/high) incidence?
rare
Uterine Prolapse:
clinical presentation?
firm tubular mass protruding from the vulva, commonly occurs during or after parturition
Uterine prolapse:
Treatment?
OHE
Vaginal prolapse:
Ocurrence:
1. With release of what hormone? During what phases of esturs cycle?
- more common in (small/large) breeds.
- estrogen. Proestrus, estrus
2. large
Vaginal Prolapse Describe:
- Type 1 =
- Type 2 =
- Type 3 =
- floor of vagina, may not be visible
- Floor and walls through vulva (looks like a pear)
- entire vaginal circumference (doughnut)
Vaginal Prolapse Treatment:
- Normally should….
2.
3.
4.
- normally should regress after ovulation
- Can induce ovulation (with GnRH or hCG
- keep clean and moist / use e-collar
- Surgery
Vaginal Prolapse: Surgical options:
1.
2.
- Purse-string suture
2. ovariohysterectomy or ovarioectomy
Tissue protruding from vulva: DDx:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Vaginal neoplasia
- Vaginal hyperplasia
- Vestibular mass (abscess)
- Intersex (enlarged clitoris)
Mastitis:
Treatment:
- management?
- drugs?
- pups?
- (does/does not) tend to recur?
- Hot pack and strip abnormal milk
- NSAIDS (carprofen), Antibiotics (clavamox or chloramphenicol)
- put pups on yogurt or probiotics
- Does
Canine mastitis:
- Can do what to manually reduce bacterial numbers?
Use reverse syringe to milk or suction gland
Canine Mastitis:
tx if gland is dead or gangrenous?
surgically remove or flush hole in side of gland
Galactorrhea definition
spontaneous flow of milk from mammary gland unassociated with pregnancy
Galactorrhea:
- Occurs in response to…
- when?
- decreasing P4 stimulation
2. 2-3 months after estrus, or 3-4 days after diestrual OHE
Galactorrhea:
T/F: it’s always abnormal
False, it’s a normal phenomenon of intact bitch in late diestrus when P4 falls.
Galactorrhea:
(does/does not) predispose to disease of repro tract
Does not
False Pregnancy
CxS?
Spontaneous development of mammary gland with clear fluid, no milk
T/F: treatment for false pregnancy is rarely required
T
False Pregnancy
May last for how long?
Can treat with what drug?
6 weeks
Cabergoline
Mammary neoplasia:
T/F: the most common type of tumor in the dog
F, they’re the second most common behind skin tumors
Mammary neoplasia:
3 broad categories of malignant tumors:
1.
2.
3.
- carcinomas
- mixed malignant tumors - adenocarcinoma
- sarcoma
Mammary neoplasia:
most common benign tumor?
benign mixed mammary tumor made of several types of cells. Increases the chance of developing a malignant mass
Mammary neoplasia:
Average age affected?
10 years
Mammary neoplasia:
Clinical findings:
1.
2.
- enlargement / variation in size
2. IF malignant –> mets common in lungs and lymph nodes
Mammary neoplasia:
Diagnosis via:
surgical excision with staging performed at laboratory
Mammary neoplasia:
T/F: Surgery is not usually recommended
F, it is always recommended
Mammary neoplasia:
- Prognosis?
- Good prognostic signs: a) b) c) d)
- good
- a) benign
b) slow growth rate
c) small tumor size
d) lack of local infiltration
Hypocalcemia - Eclampsia:
Occurs primarily in what breeds?
small nervous breeds
Hypocalcemia - Eclampsia:
Clinical Signs: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7
- Panting
- Pacing
- Muscle tremors
- Ataxia
- Hyperthermia
- Tonic-Clonic convulsion
- Death
Treatment of Hypocalcemia:
1.
2.
3.
- IV calcium gluconate to effect
- Oral calcium supplements for maintenance
- Weaning if puppies are old enough
Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)
Definition?
Persistent uterine bleeding.
Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)
Gross lesion?
erosions in endometrium
Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)
histologic lesion?
multinuclear giant cells = trophoblast cells
Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)
Treatment?
Usually self limiting, but can give PGF2a
