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Therio - RUSS > Canine Postpartum Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Postpartum Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Metritis:

Definition?

A

Inflammation of the uterus (endometrium and myometrium)

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2
Q

Metritis:

A (local/systemic) infection?

A

systemic - fever, depression, purulent vulvar discharge

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3
Q

Metritis:

Diagnosis via:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. CBC
  2. Vaginal cytology
  3. Culture
  4. U/S
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4
Q

Metritis:

Treatment?

A

PGF2a to evacuate the uterus. Can use oxytocin, but it’s less effective.

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5
Q

Pyometra:

Occurs during what phase of estrous cycle?

A

Diestral - during progesterone phase.

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6
Q

Pyometra:

Seen during what days post-estrus in:

  1. bitch?
  2. queen?
A
  1. 60-90 days

2. anytime

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7
Q

Pyometra:

More common in (younger/older)?

A

older individuals

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8
Q

Pyometra:

May be associated with what other disease?

A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia

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9
Q

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia - Metritis Pyometra complex (CEHMP)

Definition?

A

Acute or chronic post-estrual disease with variable clinical signs/pathologic findings

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10
Q

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia - Metritis Pyometra complex (CEHMP)

Incidence (decreases/increases) with age?

A

increases

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11
Q

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia - Metritis Pyometra complex (CEHMP)

Pathogenesis:

A

Normal down-regulation of estrogen receptors due to increases P4 may be defective. Results in dogs getting prolonged effects of E2 on endometrium, leading to increases in P4 receptors.

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12
Q

Most common organism to cause secondary bacterial invasion?

A

E.Coli

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13
Q

What effect does increasing P4 have on estrogen-receptors?

A

down regulates them

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14
Q

Open vs Closed Pyometra:

Which one presents as more systemically ill?

Which one has discharge from vuvla?

A

Closed.

Open

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15
Q

Main clinical sign of open pyometra?

A

copious red-brown to yellow-green foul smelling vulvar discharge

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16
Q

Best ways to diagnose pyometra:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. abdominal palpation
  2. radiography
  3. U/S
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17
Q

What will you see on a radiograph of pyometra?

A

outline of pus-filled uterine horns

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18
Q

Treatment of choice for pyometra?

A

OHE

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19
Q

Medical Therapy for Pyometra:

1, What do you give?

  1. Effect?
  2. For open or closed pyometra only?
A
  1. PGF2a - Lutalyse or Estrumate.
  2. smooth muscle contractions for uterine evacuation.
  3. open cervix pyometra only
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20
Q

Describe the technique for PGF2a administration as medical treatment of open pyometra

A

.05 mg/kg TID of lutalyse,
.01 mg/kg QUD misoprotol
100 micrograms per os every other day to help dilate cervix or place topically on cervix

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21
Q

Medical Therapy of Pyometra: Considerations:
1.
2.
3. Recommendation?

A
  1. Culture/sensitivity for appropriate microbial therapy
  2. Side effects of PGF2a including panting, salivating, vomiting, defecation, vocalization
  3. breed next occurring estrus, than spay.
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22
Q

For brood bitches:

  1. Breed (early/late).
  2. Try not to…
  3. Spay when?
A
  1. starting early.
  2. miss a cycle
  3. when you have obtained all litters desired to reduce risk of CEH/pyometra
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23
Q

Uterine Prolapse:

  1. (low/high) incidence?
A

rare

24
Q

Uterine Prolapse:

clinical presentation?

A

firm tubular mass protruding from the vulva, commonly occurs during or after parturition

25
Q

Uterine prolapse:

Treatment?

A

OHE

26
Q

Vaginal prolapse:

Ocurrence:
1. With release of what hormone? During what phases of esturs cycle?

  1. more common in (small/large) breeds.
A
  1. estrogen. Proestrus, estrus

2. large

27
Q

Vaginal Prolapse Describe:

  1. Type 1 =
  2. Type 2 =
  3. Type 3 =
A
  1. floor of vagina, may not be visible
  2. Floor and walls through vulva (looks like a pear)
  3. entire vaginal circumference (doughnut)
28
Q

Vaginal Prolapse Treatment:

  1. Normally should….
    2.
    3.
    4.
A
  1. normally should regress after ovulation
  2. Can induce ovulation (with GnRH or hCG
  3. keep clean and moist / use e-collar
  4. Surgery
29
Q

Vaginal Prolapse: Surgical options:

1.
2.

A
  1. Purse-string suture

2. ovariohysterectomy or ovarioectomy

30
Q

Tissue protruding from vulva: DDx:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Vaginal neoplasia
  2. Vaginal hyperplasia
  3. Vestibular mass (abscess)
  4. Intersex (enlarged clitoris)
31
Q

Mastitis:

Treatment:

  1. management?
  2. drugs?
  3. pups?
  4. (does/does not) tend to recur?
A
  1. Hot pack and strip abnormal milk
  2. NSAIDS (carprofen), Antibiotics (clavamox or chloramphenicol)
  3. put pups on yogurt or probiotics
  4. Does
32
Q

Canine mastitis:

  1. Can do what to manually reduce bacterial numbers?
A

Use reverse syringe to milk or suction gland

33
Q

Canine Mastitis:

tx if gland is dead or gangrenous?

A

surgically remove or flush hole in side of gland

34
Q

Galactorrhea definition

A

spontaneous flow of milk from mammary gland unassociated with pregnancy

35
Q

Galactorrhea:

  1. Occurs in response to…
  2. when?
A
  1. decreasing P4 stimulation

2. 2-3 months after estrus, or 3-4 days after diestrual OHE

36
Q

Galactorrhea:

T/F: it’s always abnormal

A

False, it’s a normal phenomenon of intact bitch in late diestrus when P4 falls.

37
Q

Galactorrhea:

(does/does not) predispose to disease of repro tract

A

Does not

38
Q

False Pregnancy

CxS?

A

Spontaneous development of mammary gland with clear fluid, no milk

39
Q

T/F: treatment for false pregnancy is rarely required

A

T

40
Q

False Pregnancy

May last for how long?

Can treat with what drug?

A

6 weeks

Cabergoline

41
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

T/F: the most common type of tumor in the dog

A

F, they’re the second most common behind skin tumors

42
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

3 broad categories of malignant tumors:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. carcinomas
  2. mixed malignant tumors - adenocarcinoma
  3. sarcoma
43
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

most common benign tumor?

A

benign mixed mammary tumor made of several types of cells. Increases the chance of developing a malignant mass

44
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

Average age affected?

A

10 years

45
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

Clinical findings:
1.
2.

A
  1. enlargement / variation in size

2. IF malignant –> mets common in lungs and lymph nodes

46
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

Diagnosis via:

A

surgical excision with staging performed at laboratory

47
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

T/F: Surgery is not usually recommended

A

F, it is always recommended

48
Q

Mammary neoplasia:

  1. Prognosis?
  2. Good prognostic signs: a) b) c) d)
A
  1. good
  2. a) benign
    b) slow growth rate
    c) small tumor size
    d) lack of local infiltration
49
Q

Hypocalcemia - Eclampsia:

Occurs primarily in what breeds?

A

small nervous breeds

50
Q

Hypocalcemia - Eclampsia:

Clinical Signs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
A
  1. Panting
  2. Pacing
  3. Muscle tremors
  4. Ataxia
  5. Hyperthermia
  6. Tonic-Clonic convulsion
  7. Death
51
Q

Treatment of Hypocalcemia:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. IV calcium gluconate to effect
  2. Oral calcium supplements for maintenance
  3. Weaning if puppies are old enough
52
Q

Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)

Definition?

A

Persistent uterine bleeding.

53
Q

Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)

Gross lesion?

A

erosions in endometrium

54
Q

Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)

histologic lesion?

A

multinuclear giant cells = trophoblast cells

55
Q

Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)

Treatment?

A

Usually self limiting, but can give PGF2a

Therio - RUSS (23 decks)

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