Serological Testing Techniques

Question 1

Close to equal amounts of antigen and antibody

Answer 1

Zone of equivalence

Question 2

Describes strength of binding between one antibody binding site and an antigenic determinant

Answer 2

Affinity

Question 3

Portion of antibody where binding occurs

Answer 3

Fab

Question 4

Antigenic determinant

Answer 4

Epitope

Question 5

Pertaining to an antibody or antigen having many binding sites

Answer 5

Multivalent

Question 6

Measure of overall stability of antigen-antibody complex, determined by antibody’s affinity for the epitope, number of binding sites per antibody molecule, and geometric arrangement of interacting components

Answer 6

Avidity

Question 7

Excess antibody

Answer 7

Prozone

Question 8

Effect of prozone

Answer 8

False negative or reduced reaction

Question 9

Aggregation of particulate matter due to combination of specific antibody with corresponding antigen

Answer 9

Agglutination

Question 10

2 steps to agglutination

Answer 10

Sensitization and lattice formation

Question 11

Particles that can participate in agglutination reactions

Answer 11

Red cells
Bacterial cells
Inert carriers such as latex particles

Question 12

Type of agglutination in which antigens are found naturally on a particle

Answer 12

Direct agglutination (ex: RBC)

Question 13

Type of agglutination in which particles are coated with antigens not normally found on their surfaces such as latex particles manufactured to have specific antigens on the surface

Answer 13

Passive agglutination

Question 14

Occurs when there is competition between the particle with antigen and soluble antigens for limited antibody binding site

Answer 14

Agglutination inhibition

Question 15

Combination of soluble antibody with soluble antigen to form insoluble complexes that are visible

Answer 15

Precipitation

Question 16

Precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes determined in support medium such as a gel

Answer 16

Immunodiffusion

Question 17

Separation of molecules in an electrical field based on differences in charge and size

Answer 17

Electrophoresis

Question 18

Test used to confirm HIV1 and HIV2

Answer 18

Western Blot

Question 19

Immunoassay using enzymes to produce color change

Answer 19

EIA (enzyme)

Question 20

Immunoassay using fluoroses to produce fluorescence

Answer 20

IFA (immunofluorescent)

Question 21

immunoassay using radioactive isotopes to measure radioactivity

Answer 21

RIA (radioimmunoassay)

Question 22

immunoassay using enzymes to produce light

Answer 22

CLIA (chemiluminescent)

Question 23

Percentage of individuals with a given disease that will test positive with a given test

Answer 23

Diagnostic sensitivity

Question 24

Percentage of individuals without a given disease that will have a negative test result by a given test

Answer 24

Diagnostic specificity

Question 25

Diagnostic sensitivity is true positives or true negatives?

Answer 25

True positives

Question 26

Diagnostic specificity is true positives or true negatives?

Answer 26

True negatives