Serological Testing Techniques Flashcards
Close to equal amounts of antigen and antibody
Zone of equivalence
Describes strength of binding between one antibody binding site and an antigenic determinant
Affinity
Portion of antibody where binding occurs
Fab
Antigenic determinant
Epitope
Pertaining to an antibody or antigen having many binding sites
Multivalent
Measure of overall stability of antigen-antibody complex, determined by antibody’s affinity for the epitope, number of binding sites per antibody molecule, and geometric arrangement of interacting components
Avidity
Excess antibody
Prozone
Effect of prozone
False negative or reduced reaction
Aggregation of particulate matter due to combination of specific antibody with corresponding antigen
Agglutination
2 steps to agglutination
Sensitization and lattice formation
Particles that can participate in agglutination reactions
Red cells
Bacterial cells
Inert carriers such as latex particles
Type of agglutination in which antigens are found naturally on a particle
Direct agglutination (ex: RBC)
Type of agglutination in which particles are coated with antigens not normally found on their surfaces such as latex particles manufactured to have specific antigens on the surface
Passive agglutination
Occurs when there is competition between the particle with antigen and soluble antigens for limited antibody binding site
Agglutination inhibition
Combination of soluble antibody with soluble antigen to form insoluble complexes that are visible
Precipitation
Precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes determined in support medium such as a gel
Immunodiffusion
Separation of molecules in an electrical field based on differences in charge and size
Electrophoresis
Test used to confirm HIV1 and HIV2
Western Blot
Immunoassay using enzymes to produce color change
EIA (enzyme)
Immunoassay using fluoroses to produce fluorescence
IFA (immunofluorescent)
immunoassay using radioactive isotopes to measure radioactivity
RIA (radioimmunoassay)
immunoassay using enzymes to produce light
CLIA (chemiluminescent)
Percentage of individuals with a given disease that will test positive with a given test
Diagnostic sensitivity
Percentage of individuals without a given disease that will have a negative test result by a given test
Diagnostic specificity
Diagnostic sensitivity is true positives or true negatives?
True positives
Diagnostic specificity is true positives or true negatives?
True negatives
