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CCHS SBB > HLA System > Flashcards

HLA System Flashcards

1
Q

Locus of genes that encode for proteins on surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans

A

Human leukocyte antigen system

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2
Q

Location of HLAs

A

All nucleated cells and solid tissue cells

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3
Q

Chromosome location of HLA genes

A

Short arm of chromosome 6

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4
Q

HLA gene inheritance

A

Codominant

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5
Q

MHC class I antigens

A

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C

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6
Q

MHC class II antigens

A

HLA-DR
HLA-DQ
HLA-DP
HLA-DN

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7
Q

Functions of HLA antigens

A

Recognize self from non-self
Involved in immune response through antigenic stimuli
Coordinate cellular and humoral immunity
Solid organ transplant survival

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8
Q

Populations where combinations of alleles or genotypes can be found in expected proportions

A

Linkage equilibrium

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9
Q

Occurrence of some combinations of alleles or genetic markers in a population more often or less often than would be expected from random formation of haplotypes from alleles based on their frequencies

A

Linkage disequilibrium

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10
Q

HLA antigens found on platelets

A

HLA-A

HLA-B

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11
Q

Location of class I antigens

A

T cells
Most nucleated cells
Solid tissue

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12
Q

Location of class II antigens

A 
B lymphocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Intestinal epithelium 
Early hematopoietic cells
Epithelial cells
Spermatozoa
Activated T lymphs
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13
Q

Which HLA class is derived from exogenous proteins (proteins taken up by cell)

A

Class II

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14
Q

Which HLA class is derived from endogenous proteins (proteins made by the cell)

A

Class I

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15
Q

HLA class that interacts with T lymph’s that are CD8 positive

A

Class I

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16
Q

HLA class that interacts with T lymph’s that are CD4 positive

A

Class II

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17
Q

HLA class important for host defense against malignancy transformation and viral pathogens

A

Class I

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18
Q

HLA class that secretes immunostimulatory cytokines, important for antibody production

A

Class II

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19
Q

Testing for HLA class I molecules done by:

A

Microcytotoxicity testing

Sequence-specific primers

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20
Q

Testing for HLA class II molecules done by:

A

Mixed lymphocyte culture
PCR
Sequence-specific primers

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21
Q

HLA inheritance in which individuals share a common haplotype

A

Haploidentical

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22
Q

HLA inheritance in which individuals share no common haplotype

A

Haplodistinct

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23
Q

HLA inheritance in which individuals have exact or full-house match

A

HLA identical

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24
Q

Possibility that 2 siblings will be HLA identical

A

25%

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25
Cause of absence of HLA antigens
Homozygosity at particular locus and/or to a null allele
26
Occurs when chromosome segments which contain genetically linked material are switched between the 2 chromosomes that are present during gametogenesis or meiosis
Crossing over
27
Originally identified as RBC antigens but now determined to be soluble antigens associated with plasma lipoproteins that readily absorb to RBC surfaces
Bg antigens
28
Bga = HLA __
HLA-B7
29
Bgb = HLA ___
HLA-B17
30
Bgc = HLA___
HLA-A28
31
What do Bg antibodies react with?
HLA remnants on mature red cell membrane
32
Measure corresponding to increased frequency a certain disease occurs when individuals have a certain HLA type when compared to individuals who do not have the certain HLA type
Relative risk
33
Celiac disease associated with HLA ___
DQ2
34
Ankylosing spondylitis associated with HLA___
B27
35
Narcolepsy associated with HLA___
DQ6
36
Chronic active hepatitis associated with HLA___
DR3
37
Type I diabetes associated with HLA___
DQ8
38
Multiple sclerosis associated with HLA___
DR15, DQ6
39
Rheumatoid arthritis associated with HLA___
DR4
40
Graves’ disease associated with HLA___
DR17
41
Lupus associated with HLA___
DR3
42
Hereditary C2 deficiency associated with HLA___
A10, B18
43
HLA antigens tested for transplant
A, B, C, DR, DQ, DP
44
Optimal allele-level match important for which HLA antigens
A, B, C, DR
45
Best choice of donors for HPC transplant
HLA-identical siblings,followed by mismatched donors and umbilical cord HPCs
46
Collective term for HLA antigen groups that have cross-reactivity
Cross-reactive group (CREG)
47
ABO and/or HLA match requirement for heart transplant
ABO only
48
ABO/HLA match requirement for cornea transplant
ABO | A, B, Dr
49
ABO/HLA match requirement for pancreas transplant
ABO | A, B, DR
50
ABO/HLA match requirement for liver transplant
ABO | DR
51
ABO/HLA match requirement for kidney transplant
ABO | A, B, DR
52
ABO/HLA match requirement for bone marrow transplant
A, B, C, DR, DQ | ABO not required
53
AABB standards requirement for kidney transplant candidate HLA testing
Testing for HLA antibodies once a month
54
“A” in HLA matching
4 antigens match
55
“B1U” in HLA matching
3 antigens detected in the donor, all match
56
“B1X” in HLA matching
3 donor antigens match, 1 cross-reactive
57
“B2U” in HLA matching
2 antigens detected in donor, both match
58
“B2UX” in HLA matching
3 antigens detected in donor, 2 match and 1 cross-reactive
59
“B2X” in HLA matching
2 donor antigens match, 2 cross-reactive
60
“C” in HLA matching
1 antigen in donor not present in recipient and not cross-reactive
61
“D” in HLA matching
2 antigens in donor not present in recipient and not cross-reactive
62
Current methods for HLA testing
Cellular assays Molecular Serologic
63
Sample requirement for HLA typing
Heparin anticoagulant | Room temp storage
64
Lymphocyte populations from 2 different individuals mixed and incubated with each other in tissue culture
Mixed lymphocyte culture reactions
65
2 populations used in mixed lymphocyte cultures
Responders and stimulators
66
Function of responder population in mixed lymphocyte culture reactions
Recognizes differences in HLA D loci on surface of stimulator population Undergoes blastogenic transformation, DNA synthesis occurs and can be measured by feeding cells a radio labeled DNA precursor
67
Function of stimulator population in mixed lymphocyte culture reactions
Breaks foreign antigen | Pretreated with X-ray or mitomycin C to make it incapable of also responding
68
Testing used for HLA-A, B, C antigen typing
Microlymphocytotoxicity testing
69
Principle of microlymphocytotoxicity testing
Interaction of specific antibodies with HLA surface antigens on lymphocytes activates C’ and results in opaque looking cells due to cell death
70
Positive reaction in microlymphocytotoxicity testing
High percentage of dead cells (indicates that patient’s lymph’s have that HLA antigen corresponding to antigen in the well)
71
Gold standard testing for HLA typing
Sequence-based PCR
72
Percentage of cells that are dead after they react with cytotoxic antibodies
Panel-reactive antibody level
73
Methods for crossmatch and detection of HLA antibodies
Serologic microlymphocytotoxicity testing Solid-phase/microarray Flow cytometry
74
HLA antigens matched in platelet refractoriness
HLA-A and HLA-B
75
Reaction caused by HLA class I and II antigens in the patient against donor antibodies
TRALI

CCHS SBB (40 decks)

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