Blood Substitutes

Question 1

process of creating RBCs in a lab

Answer 1

blood pharming

Question 2

preclinical phase of clinical trial testing

Answer 2

animal testing and in vivo testing

Question 3

phase I of clinical trial testing

Answer 3

small group of humans tested (20-80); evaluate safety, side effects, safe dose range

Question 4

phase II phase of clinical trial testing

Answer 4

larger group of humans tested (100-300); evaluate safety and effectiveness

Question 5

phase III phase of clinical trial testing

Answer 5

larger group of humans tested (1000-3000); evaluate safety, effectiveness, compare to other commonly used methods of treatment

Question 6

phase IV of clinical trial testing

Answer 6

post market study; evaluate benefits, risk and use

Question 7

2 major areas of blood substitutes

Answer 7

hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs)

perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Question 8

advantages of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Answer 8

extended shelf-life
stable
no blood-typing
no antigenicity

Question 9

disadvantages of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Answer 9

toxicity possible
increased oxygen affinity
increased oncotic effect
short intravascular half-life

Question 10

HBOCs examples

Answer 10

HemAssist
PolyHeme
Hemopure
Oxyglobin
Hemospan
HemoLink
HemoTech
Oxy-0301

Question 11

advantages of perfluorocarbons

Answer 11

easily synthesized
biologically inert
insufficient immunogenicity

Question 12

disadvantages of perfluorocarbons

Answer 12

high oxygen affinity
extremely cold storage temps
requires oxygen administration during infusion
retention in tissues

Question 13

perfluorocarbon examples

Answer 13

Fluosol-DA
Oxygent
Oxyfluor
Oxycyte
Perftoran