Immune Disorders Flashcards
3 major classifications of immune disorders
Exaggerated
Diminished
Loss of self-recognition/autoimmunity
Types of exaggerated immune disorders
Hypersensitivity
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Heightened state of immune response; enhanced immune reaction to an antigen. Normal response but uncontrolled that results in inflammation and possible tissue damage
Hypersensitivity
Type 1 hypersensitivity examples
Allergic
Anaphylactic
Antibody class implicated in type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE, IgA
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction in blood bank
IgA antibody
Type 2 cytotoxic hypersensitivity examples
cold auto, warm auto, transfusion reaction, HDFN
Antibody class implicated in type 2 cytotoxic hypersensitivity
IgG, IgM
Hypersensitivity in which antigen-antibody reaction activates complement resulting in cell death due to lysis
Type 2 cytotoxic
Antibody implicated in type 3 immune complex hypersensitivity
IgG, IgM
Hypersensitivity in which IgG or IgM antibody attaches to antigen and forms immune complex, which is deposited in extra vascular tissues and infiltrated by neutrophils causing local tissue damage
Type 3 immune complex
Examples of type 3 immune complex hypersensitivity
Serum sickness, Arthus reaction
Hypersensitivity in which CD4 T lymphs react with foreign antigens and release lymphokines that attract neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages
Type 4 delayed
Hypersensitivity that promotes fibrin deposition, produces edema, enhances inflammatory response
Type 4 delayed
Examples of type 4 delayed hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity Contact dermatitis GVHD Allograft rejection Poison ivy
Type(s) of hypersensitivity that are humoral mediated
1, 2, 3
Type(s) of hypersensitivity that are cell mediated
4
Excessive production of antibodies
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased or unregulated increased production of immunoglobulins
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Affecting one class or antibody or one part of the antibody
Monoclonal
Antibody class implicated in multiple myeloma
Usually IgG, rarely IgA
Malignancy of mature plasma cells that results in monoclonal increase in antibody component with IgG being most common
Multiple myeloma
Most serious and common plasma cell disease
Multiple myeloma
Examples of Hypergammaglobulinemia
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
Antibody class implicated in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
IgM
Affecting more than one class of antibody
Polyclonal
Examples of diminished category of immune disorders
Immunodeficiency
Immune disorder in which immune system fails to mount immune response
Diminished
Immune disorder type that results in secondary opportunistic infections
Immunodeficiency
Examples of congenital immunodeficiency
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
DiGeorge syndrome
IgA deficiency
Congenital Immunodeficiency in which B cells are absent or markedly reduced and don’t mature into normal cells, resulting in little or no IgG production
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
Congenital Immunodeficiency due to reduced T cells
DiGeorge syndrome
Most common congenital immunodeficiency
IgA deficiency
Acquired immunodeficiency examples
HIV/AIDS
Hodgkin’s disease
Immune disorder classification I which there is loss or breakdown of self-tolerance resulting in auto-reactive antibodies
Loss of self-recognition/autoimmunity
Types of autoimmunity immune disorders
Systemic
Organ specific
Examples of systemic autoimmunity
Lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Examples of organ specific autoimmunity
Graves’ disease
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Electrical positive and negative charges between individual red cells that keep them apart
Zeta potential
Causes of rouleaux
High level of immunoglobulin proteins
Elevated fibrinogen
