Blood Pathophysiology

Question 1

percent of blood made up of plasma

Answer 1

55%

Question 2

percent of blood made up of RBC

Answer 2

45%

Question 3

percent of blood made up of WBC and platelets

Answer 3

<1%

Question 4

percent of plasma made up of albumin

Answer 4

55%

Question 5

percent of plasma made up of globulins

Answer 5

38%

Question 6

percent of plasma made up of fibrinogen

Answer 6

7%

Question 7

percent of plasma made up of clotting factors

Answer 7

<1%

Question 8

function of albumimn

Answer 8

maintain colloid osmotic balance

Question 9

where is albumin produced

Answer 9

hepatocytes of liver

Question 10

where are globulins produced

Answer 10

hepatocytes and plasma cells

Question 11

function of globulins

Answer 11

participate in immune system

Question 12

where is fibrinogen produced

Answer 12

hepatocytes of liver

Question 13

function of fibrinogen

Answer 13

blood coagulation and inflammation management

Question 14

function of clotting factors

Answer 14

convert fibrinogen into fibrin for clotting

Question 15

what regulates differentiation and proliferation of HPCs?

Answer 15

cytokines (growth factors, interleukins)

Question 16

where does hematopoiesis occur at 3 months in-utero?

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

at what embryotic age does hematopoiesis start to include white cells and platelets?

Answer 17

3 months

Question 18

where is early hematopoiesis in utero?

Answer 18

yolk sac

Question 19

where does hematopoiesis occur from 3-6 months in utero?

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

where does hematopoiesis occur after 6 months in utero?

Answer 20

bone marrow

Question 21

site of T cell differentiation

Answer 21

thymus

Question 22

site of B cell production

Answer 22

lymph nodes

Question 23

site of hematopoiesis in infants and children

Answer 23

bone cavities (flat bones, skull, sternum, ribs, pelvis, long bones)

Question 24

what is the site of hematopoiesis in adults?

Answer 24

flat and long bones

Question 25

normal RBC survival

Answer 25

120 days in circulation

Question 26

chemical structure of hemoglobin

Answer 26

4 heme
4 globin chains
1 2,3-DPG

Question 27

oxygen tension in lungs

Answer 27

~100 mmHg

Question 28

1 hemoglobin molecule can bind how many oxygen molecules

Answer 28

4

Question 29

decreased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen resulting in release of oxygen to tissues

Answer 29

right shift

Question 30

decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen

Answer 30

left shift

Question 31

phagocytic cell in innate immune response

Answer 31

neutrophil

Question 32

cell in phagocytic and anti-inflammatory response

Answer 32

eosinophil

Question 33

cell mediator of inflammatory response

Answer 33

basophil

Question 34

cellular fragments derived from megakaryocytes in bone marrow

Answer 34

platelets

Question 35

life span of platelets

Answer 35

8-12 days

Question 36

platelet shape when activated

Answer 36

spiky (pseudopods)

Question 37

aspirin effect on platelets

Answer 37

inactivates ADP, affecting function

Question 38

effect of plavix and feldene on platelets

Answer 38

irreversibly block ADP receptors

Question 39

average blood volume

Answer 39

5 liters

Question 40

average heart rate

Answer 40

70 bpm

Question 41

average cardiac output at rest

Answer 41

5 liters/min

Question 42

average cardiac output during strenuous exercise

Answer 42

20-30 liters/min

Question 43

sudden, severe, whole-body reaction that can occur due to response of any allergen

Answer 43

anaphylaxis

Question 44

heart damage so severe that the heart is unable to move blood to organs in the body

Answer 44

cardiogenic shock

Question 45

severe blood and fluid loss that makes the heart unable to pump blood to organs in the body; organs have potential to stop working

Answer 45

hypovolemic shock

Question 46

serious condition involving overwhelming infection throughout the body

Answer 46

septic shock