Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CCHS SBB > Pretransfusion Testing > Flashcards

Pretransfusion Testing Flashcards

1
Q

what AABB standard address pretransfusion?

A

5: Process Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

serological confirmation required on whole blood, red cells, and granulocyte units

A

ABO group

Rh of each unit labeled Rh neg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is weak D testing required on labeling of Rh neg units

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

requirements of transfusion request

A 
complete, accurate, legible
2 independent patient identifiers
type and amount of component requested
special processing requirements
ordering physician
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pre-transfusion testing regulated by who?

A

US Federal govt, accrediting agencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sample requirement of pre-transfusion sample

A

2 independent patient identifiers
date and time of collection
identification of collector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when must pre-transfusion sample be drawn in relation to transfusion?

A

within 3 days (if transfused in last 3 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long is pre-transfusion sample kept after transfusion

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long is segment of donor blood kept after transfusion

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

day of collection is day ___ in pre-transfusion testing

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sample age requirement for patients who have not been pregnant or transfused in the last 90 days

A

no specific requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pre-transfusion specimen requirement for patients less than 4 months old

A

initial sample for ABO/Rh typing and to detect unexpected maternal red cell antibodies, no additional testing required until 4 months of age if screen is negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crossmatch requirements for <4 months of age after pre-transfusion testing is complete

A

crossmatch not necessary if using O red cells if no antibodies present

if antibodies are present, crossmatch not necessary if antigen-negative red cells are used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

emergency blood given to women of childbearing age

A

O negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

emergency blood given to women older than childbearing age and men

A

O positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

definition: massive transfusion

A

when a patient receives 10 units of blood in less than 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is serologic XM no longer required in massive transfusion?

A

after 8-10 units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

requirement from requesting physician for emergency released uncrossmatched blood

A

signed statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

requirements of blood product transfusion order from physician

A

specific component
amount
special requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

purpose of compatibility testing

A

prevent hemolytic transfusion reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

compatibility testing includes:

A

ABO/Rh of patient
antibody screen of patient
XM between patient plasma and donor red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AABB Standards requirement of ABO group for recipient

A

2 determinations of ABO group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

AABB Standards requirement options for second ABO confirmation of recipient

A
  • comparison with previous records
  • testing a second sample from a second collection time with NEW VERIFICATION OF PATIENT IDENTIFICATION
  • retesting original sample if patient identification was verified using validated electronic identification system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

can reagent red cells for antibody detection testing be pooled

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

blood group used in antibody screen reagent cells

A

group O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

definition: sensitization

A

antibody attachment to antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

agglutination

A

electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, van der Walls forces lead to binding of antibody to antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

definition: prozone

A

false negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

zeta potential

A

ionic charges on the surface of red cells that keep them separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

strategies to enhance agglutination

A 
decrease zeta potential
enhancements
increasing positive ions
AHG reagents
enzymes
centrifugation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how does AHG encourage agglutination

A

overcomes electrical repulsion/zeta potential between red cells so agglutination can be observed

32
Q

2 production methods of AHG

A
  • purified gammaglobulins from human serum injected into animals to produce anti-human gammaglobulin
  • monoclonal technology to make monoclonal antiglobulin reagent
33
Q

monospecific

A

one antibody specificity

34
Q

polyspecific

A

broad spectrum antibody specificity (IgG and C3d)

35
Q

do AHG reagents contain antibodies to IgM

A

no

36
Q

where does information about IgM coating of red cells come from in pretransfusion testing

A

anti-C3 (IgM activates complement)

37
Q

what does IAT detect

A

in-vitro sensitization (binding of Ab to Ag)

38
Q

what does DAT detect

A

in-vivo sensitization (already attached in circulation)

39
Q

why is 37C incubation not included in DAT

A

already occurred in the body

40
Q

why is 37C incubation included in IAT

A

temperature IgG antibodies are most active

41
Q

what procedure involves washing away unbound antibody and addition of AHG

A

direct antiglobulin test

42
Q

what procedure involves combining antibody and antigen, incubation, washing of unbound antibody, and addition of antiglobulin reagent

A

indirect antiglobulin test

43
Q

why should a plasma sample be used for a DAT instead of a serum sample

A

complement is bound during the clotting process and may cause false positive DAT due to in-vitro binding of complement

44
Q

QC for negative AHG test results

A

Coombs Control/check cells

45
Q

AHG check cells reagent composition

A

IgG sensitized RBCs

46
Q

false negatives detected by Coombs control cells

A
  • inadequate washing
  • failure to add AHG
  • neutralization of AHG from residual saline or plasma proteins
47
Q

antibody excess

A

prozone

48
Q

antigen excess

A

postzone

49
Q

false positives in AHG testing

A
  • spontaneous agglutination
  • over centrifugation
  • in-vitro attachment of complement
50
Q

definition: complement

A

series of proteins that when activated by antibody on red cells can result in lysis of those cells

51
Q

sample required for complement activation

A

fresh serum sample less than 72 hours old

52
Q

Full/Coombs serological crossmatch purpose

A

prevent ABO incompatibility

prevent IgG allo-antibody incompatibility

53
Q

immediate spin/modified serological crossmatch purpose

A

prevent ABO incompatibility

54
Q

requirements for IS/modified XM

A

negative antibody screen on current sample AND no history of clinically significant antibodies

55
Q

causes of IS incompatibility

A
  • ABO grouping error
  • cold alloantibody
  • cold autoantibody
  • rouleaux
56
Q

causes of incompatibility after 37C incubation

A
  • alloantibody
  • antibody to enhancement media
  • rouleaux
57
Q

causes of incompatibility at AHG

A
  • alloantibody
  • warm autoantibody
  • positive DAT of donor
58
Q

when can computer crossmatch be performed

A
  • computer system has been validated for XM use
  • patient meets IS criteria
  • current sample ABO/RH in LIS
  • 2 ABO/RH on patient both in LIS
  • donor cells retyped and results in LIS
59
Q

are antigen negative units required for patients with clinically insignificant antibodies

A

no

60
Q

are antigen negative units required for patients with clinically significant antibodies

A

yes

61
Q

ABO requirement of whole blood selection

A

ABO identical to recipient or low-titer group O

62
Q

ABO requirement of RBC selection

A

ABO compatible with recipient plasma

63
Q

ABO requirement of granulocyte selection

A

ABO compatible with recipient plasma

64
Q

ABO requirement of plasma selection

A

ABO compatible with recipient RBC

65
Q

ABO requirement of platelet selection

A

all ABO groups acceptable but ABO identical or compatible with recipient RBCs preferred

66
Q

ABO requirement of cryoprecipitate selection

A

all ABO groups acceptable

67
Q

requirements of unit tag

A

attached securely to bag
2 patient identifiers
donor unit number
compatibility testing result

68
Q

required physician orders for blood administration

A
  • request of product preparation from blood bank

- request of product transfusion

69
Q

blood administration IV access for adults

A

18-20 gauge needle

70
Q

blood administration IV access for kids

A

22-24 gauge needle

71
Q

IV solutions compatible with blood products

A
  • 0.9% normal saline
  • Normosol-R, pH 7.4
  • Plasma-Lyte-A, pH 7.4
72
Q

standard blood administration filter

A

170-260 microns

73
Q

blood product transfusion must be complete in what timeframe

A

4 hours

74
Q

definition: polyclonal antibodies

A

antibodies that bind to slightly different regions on the same antigens (different epitopes)

75
Q

definition: monoclonal antibodies

A

antibodies formed from a single type of plasma cell and always bind to a single epitope

CCHS SBB (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions