Blood Group Genetics Flashcards
gene
small segment of DNA that gives rise to a specific trait
allele
alternate form of a gene at a specific locus (same location on opposite chromosome)
homozygous
inheritance of identical alleles at a given locus on both chromosomes
heterozygous
inheritance of different alleles at a given locus on both chromosomes
amorph
gene with no detectable product (Ex: O gene)
polymorphic
2 or more genes at a given locus
trait
observable expression of a gene
loci
site of gene on chromosome
dominant gene
strong gene that needs only one copy on one chromosome to be expressed
recessive gene
gene that needs a copy on each autosomal chromosome or on each XX in women, or in the X in men, to be expressed
co-dominant inheritance
observable traits when inherited (Ex: A and B genes inherited=A and B antigens present)
phenotype
outward expression of genes; observable traits
genotype
genetic makeup of an individual
autosomal dominant
not sex linked; trait appears in every generation
autosomal recessive
not sex linked; trait appears in siblings, not their parents or offspring
X-linked dominant
trait resides on X chromosome; males and females affected
X-linked recessive
trait resides on X chromosome; males and homozygous females affected
Y-linked
trait resides on Y chromosome; only males affected
Rh blood group system antigens are ______ with amino acid sequences determining specificity
protein
Most blood group antigens are _____ and specificity is determined by oligosaccharide or carbohydrate epitopes or amino acid sequences.
glycoproteins
ISBT system
consists of 1 or more antigens controlled at a single gene locus, or by 2 or more very closely linked homozygous genes
Hardy Weinberg equation
p+q=1
genotype frequencies calculation
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
proteolytic enzymes
used to destroy some antigens and enhance some antibody reactions
