Blood Group Genetics

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

small segment of DNA that gives rise to a specific trait

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

alternate form of a gene at a specific locus (same location on opposite chromosome)

Question 3

homozygous

Answer 3

inheritance of identical alleles at a given locus on both chromosomes

Question 4

heterozygous

Answer 4

inheritance of different alleles at a given locus on both chromosomes

Question 5

amorph

Answer 5

gene with no detectable product (Ex: O gene)

Question 6

polymorphic

Answer 6

2 or more genes at a given locus

Question 7

trait

Answer 7

observable expression of a gene

Question 8

loci

Answer 8

site of gene on chromosome

Question 9

dominant gene

Answer 9

strong gene that needs only one copy on one chromosome to be expressed

Question 10

recessive gene

Answer 10

gene that needs a copy on each autosomal chromosome or on each XX in women, or in the X in men, to be expressed

Question 11

co-dominant inheritance

Answer 11

observable traits when inherited (Ex: A and B genes inherited=A and B antigens present)

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

outward expression of genes; observable traits

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

genetic makeup of an individual

Question 14

autosomal dominant

Answer 14

not sex linked; trait appears in every generation

Question 15

autosomal recessive

Answer 15

not sex linked; trait appears in siblings, not their parents or offspring

Question 16

X-linked dominant

Answer 16

trait resides on X chromosome; males and females affected

Question 17

X-linked recessive

Answer 17

trait resides on X chromosome; males and homozygous females affected

Question 18

Y-linked

Answer 18

trait resides on Y chromosome; only males affected

Question 19

Rh blood group system antigens are ______ with amino acid sequences determining specificity

Answer 19

protein

Question 20

Most blood group antigens are _____ and specificity is determined by oligosaccharide or carbohydrate epitopes or amino acid sequences.

Answer 20

glycoproteins

Question 21

ISBT system

Answer 21

consists of 1 or more antigens controlled at a single gene locus, or by 2 or more very closely linked homozygous genes

Question 22

Hardy Weinberg equation

Answer 22

p+q=1

Question 23

genotype frequencies calculation

Answer 23

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 24

proteolytic enzymes

Answer 24

used to destroy some antigens and enhance some antibody reactions

Question 25

thiol-reducing agents

Answer 25

destroy sulfide bonds; used to destroy some antigens and IgM antibodies

Question 26

neutralizing substances

Answer 26

neutralize or inhibit antibodies in plasma