Sensory Reception and Sensation - 12.1 Flashcards
What category are photoreceptors located in?
Vision
Examples of photoreceptors.
Rods and Cones
What is the stimulus for photoreceptors?
visible light
What are the categories of chemoreceptors?
Taste, smell, internal senses
What is the receptor for taste?
Taste buds on the tongue
What is the stimulus for the receptors for taste?
Food particles in saliva
What is the receptor for smell?
Olfactory receptors in the nose
What is the stimulus for the receptors for smell?
Odour molecules
What is the receptor for hearing?
Hair cells in the air
What is the stimulus for this receptor of hearing?
Sound waves
What is the receptor for balance?
Hair cells in the inner ear
What is the stimulus for this receptor of balance?
fluid movement
What is the receptor for body position?
proprioceptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints
What is the stimulus for the receptor of body position?
muscle contraction, stretching, movement
What are the categories Thermoreceptors?
Temperature
What are the receptors for temperature?
Heat and cold receptors in the skin
What is the stimulus for temperature receptors?
Change in radiant energy
What are the receptors for internal senses?
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
receptors in the cartoid artery and aorta
What are the stimulus’ for the internal sense receptors?
Osmoreceptors - low blood volume
receptors in aorta and cartoid artery - blood pH
How do senses transmit sensory information to the brain?
With electrochemical impulses
What are sensory receptors?
Nerve endings and cells that detect sensory information
When does sensation occur?
When neural impulses reach the cerebral cortex.
What does sensation depend on?
The area of the brain that interpretated the information.
What is perception?
Interpretation of sensory information by the cerebral cortex.
What is sensory adaptation?
When the brain filters our redundant, insignificant information
- If there is a significant change in your internal and external environment your body can adjust
How does brain process information quickly?
Brain parallels - splits up input to various areas of the brain (neural multi tasking)
What are the four categories of human sensory receptors?
Photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and thermoreceptors
What do the receptors do?
Convert energy from stimuli into electrochemical energy (can be processed by nervous system)
What do proprioceptors do?
Provide information on body position and movement
What happens if a particular receptor is damaged?
Results in loss of associated sense
How does the artificial eye work?
Camera is put on glasses
Camera captures images - sends them to computer on belt
Computer processes information - sends them to electrodes in visual cortex (passed damaged area)
Electrodes stimulate brain - produces pattern of bright spots - visual cortex perceieves as crude images
