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Biology 30 > Cell Division - 16.1 > Flashcards

Cell Division - 16.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Does the volume of the cytoplasm of cell grow faster than surface area?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Where do cells absorb nutrients and excrete waste?

A

The plasma membrane

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3
Q

What is the problem with the volume of cell increasing?

A

If the cell grew to much, the plasma membrane would be to small to meet the metabolic needs (cell must stop growing at a certain size)

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4
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Living organisms can arise from non living matter

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5
Q

Who forced published the idea of cell division and when?

A

Rudolph Virchow - 1855

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6
Q

Which type of cells are replaced frequently?

A

Skin cells and Blood cells

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7
Q

Which cells do not divide frequently or at all?

A

Nerve cells

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8
Q

What is the single cell cycle define as?

A

The sequence of events from one cell division to the next

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9
Q

How can growing organisms develop properly?

A

New cells must carry the same function as the original cell

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10
Q

How do synthetic dyes work?

A
  • Dye is used to stain a specimen
  • Chromatin in the nucleus picks up the stain
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11
Q

What is the function and the structure of a cell determined by?

A

The genetic material

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12
Q

What is the genetic information of a cell contained in?

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

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13
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

Found in each chromosome of a cell

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14
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Length of DNA and its associated proteins

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15
Q

Where are the chromosomes found in the eukoryotic cells?

A

In the nucleus

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16
Q

What material does DNA compact within the cell?

A

Histones (proteins)

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17
Q

What forms when threads of chromatin condense?

A

Chromosomes

18
Q

What is the constricted region in a condensed chromosome called?

A

Centromere

19
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?

A

46 chromosomes

20
Q

What are autosomes?

A

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes

21
Q

Will the two sex chromosomes always be homologous?

A

No

22
Q

What are the X and Y chromosomes called?

A

Sex chromosomes

23
Q

What makes chromosomes homologous?

A
  • Carry the same genes (alleles of the genes) at the same location
  • Same length and size
  • Same banding
24
Q

What does it mean to be diploid?

A

Pairs of homologous chromosomes

25
Q

What does it mean to be haploid?

A

Unpaired chromosomes

26
Q

What does it mean to be polypoid?

A

To have more than two homologous chromosomes

27
Q

How do autosomes differ from one another?

A
  • Vary in length
  • Locations at the centromere
  • Staining properties
28
Q

What is a picture of all the autosomes?

A

Karyotype

29
Q

How is a karyotype created?

A
  • collecting a cell sample and use chemicals to stop the cycle
  • stain cells help identify individual chromosomes
  • Photographed stained chromosomes transfer images onto a new background
  • Images are organized into a series of homologous pairs
30
Q

What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

A

Growth stage and division stage

31
Q

What is the growth stage called?

A

Interphase

32
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

Cells carries out metabolic functions and prepares for its next division

33
Q

What are the three phases in interphase?

A
  • G1 phase
  • Interphase
  • G2 phase
34
Q

What happens in G1 phase?

A

Cell grows quickly during this phase - important growth processes are occuring

35
Q

What happens in the S phase?

A
  • Cells DNA is copied exactly
  • DNA in the chromatin replicates to create a second set of identical chromatin
  • Two identical sister chromatids are joined at the centromere
  • New genetic material is synthesized
36
Q

What happens in the G2 phase?

A
  • Cell rebuilds its reserves of energy to prepare for cell division
  • Cell manufactures proteins and other molecules
37
Q

What does interphase end?

A

When the cell begins its process of nuclear division (mitosis)

38
Q

What are the two main processes in cell division?

A
  • Mitosis
  • Cytokenesis
39
Q

What is mitosis?

A
  • Division of genetic material
  • Contents of the nucleus are separated into complete and separate cells
40
Q

What is cytokeneis?

A

The division of the cytoplasm and the organelles into separate cells

Biology 30 (33 decks)

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