Cell Division - 16.1

Question 1

Does the volume of the cytoplasm of cell grow faster than surface area?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Where do cells absorb nutrients and excrete waste?

Answer 2

The plasma membrane

Question 3

What is the problem with the volume of cell increasing?

Answer 3

If the cell grew to much, the plasma membrane would be to small to meet the metabolic needs (cell must stop growing at a certain size)

Question 4

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 4

Living organisms can arise from non living matter

Question 5

Who forced published the idea of cell division and when?

Answer 5

Rudolph Virchow - 1855

Question 6

Which type of cells are replaced frequently?

Answer 6

Skin cells and Blood cells

Question 7

Which cells do not divide frequently or at all?

Answer 7

Nerve cells

Question 8

What is the single cell cycle define as?

Answer 8

The sequence of events from one cell division to the next

Question 9

How can growing organisms develop properly?

Answer 9

New cells must carry the same function as the original cell

Question 10

How do synthetic dyes work?

Answer 10

• Dye is used to stain a specimen
• Chromatin in the nucleus picks up the stain

Question 11

What is the function and the structure of a cell determined by?

Answer 11

The genetic material

Question 12

What is the genetic information of a cell contained in?

Answer 12

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 13

Where is DNA found?

Answer 13

Found in each chromosome of a cell

Question 14

What is a chromosome?

Answer 14

Length of DNA and its associated proteins

Question 15

Where are the chromosomes found in the eukoryotic cells?

Answer 15

In the nucleus

Question 16

What material does DNA compact within the cell?

Answer 16

Histones (proteins)

Question 17

What forms when threads of chromatin condense?

Answer 17

Chromosomes

Question 18

What is the constricted region in a condensed chromosome called?

Answer 18

Centromere

Question 19

How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?

Answer 19

46 chromosomes

Question 20

What are autosomes?

Answer 20

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 21

Will the two sex chromosomes always be homologous?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What are the X and Y chromosomes called?

Answer 22

Sex chromosomes

Question 23

What makes chromosomes homologous?

Answer 23

• Carry the same genes (alleles of the genes) at the same location
• Same length and size
• Same banding

Question 24

What does it mean to be diploid?

Answer 24

Pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 25

What does it mean to be haploid?

Answer 25

Unpaired chromosomes

Question 26

What does it mean to be polypoid?

Answer 26

To have more than two homologous chromosomes

Question 27

How do autosomes differ from one another?

Answer 27

* Vary in length * Locations at the centromere * Staining properties

Question 28

What is a picture of all the autosomes?

Answer 28

Karyotype

Question 29

How is a karyotype created?

Answer 29

* collecting a cell sample and use chemicals to stop the cycle * stain cells help identify individual chromosomes * Photographed stained chromosomes transfer images onto a new background * Images are organized into a series of homologous pairs

Question 30

What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 30

Growth stage and division stage

Question 31

What is the growth stage called?

Answer 31

Interphase

Question 32

What happens in interphase?

Answer 32

Cells carries out metabolic functions and prepares for its next division

Question 33

What are the three phases in interphase?

Answer 33

* G1 phase * Interphase * G2 phase

Question 34

What happens in G1 phase?

Answer 34

Cell grows quickly during this phase - important growth processes are occuring

Question 35

What happens in the S phase?

Answer 35

* Cells DNA is copied exactly * DNA in the chromatin replicates to create a second set of identical chromatin * Two identical sister chromatids are joined at the centromere * New genetic material is synthesized

Question 36

What happens in the G2 phase?

Answer 36

* Cell rebuilds its reserves of energy to prepare for cell division * Cell manufactures proteins and other molecules

Question 37

What does interphase end?

Answer 37

When the cell begins its process of nuclear division (mitosis)

Question 38

What are the two main processes in cell division?

Answer 38

* Mitosis * Cytokenesis

Question 39

What is mitosis?

Answer 39

* Division of genetic material * Contents of the nucleus are separated into complete and separate cells

Question 40

What is cytokeneis?

Answer 40

The division of the cytoplasm and the organelles into separate cells