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Biology 30 > 17.1 > Flashcards

17.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Choosing and breeding specific plants and animals for specific features and behavior’s?

A

Selective Breeding

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2
Q

Who proposed the first widely accepted theory of inheritance?

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

What did Aristotle say caused inheritance?

A
  • Egg and Sperm consisted of particles (pangenesis) that was derived from all parts of the body
  • Upon fertilization - pangenesis develop into parts of the body of which they were derived
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4
Q

What did Antony Van Leuwenhoek say?

A
  • Complete person (homunculus) - in the head of sperm
  • Came from father but developed in the mother
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5
Q

Who countered Antony Van Leuwenhoek’s proposal?

A

Regnier de Graaf - proposed that the egg that contains the entire person, but sperm stimulates the egg to develop

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6
Q

Who laid the foundation of the field of genetics?

A

Gregory Mendel (Monk and teacher)

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7
Q

How did Mendel lay the foundation of the field of genetics?

A

He analyzed over 28 000 pea plants in the monastery garden

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8
Q

What did he make sure to search for in the peas he researched?

A

He chose seven traits that were expressed in two easily distinguished forms

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9
Q

What types of plants exhibit the same characteristics generation after generation?

A

True breeding plants

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10
Q

What is the F1 generation?

A

The first set of offspring that is crated by the parent plants

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11
Q

What is the F2 generation

A

The offspring that is produced from the F1 generation.

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12
Q

What is it called when only one trait is crossed?

A

Monohybrid cross

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13
Q

The characteristic that is expressed?

A

Dominant

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14
Q

The characteristic that is not expressed?

A

Recessive

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15
Q

Do traits that did not appear in the F1 generation reappear in the F2 generation?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is Mendel’s first law of segregation?

A
  • All individual’s have two copies of one factor
  • Each copy segregates randomly during gamete formation - each gamete receives one copy of every copy
17
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of each gene

18
Q

What is an individual’s genotype?

A

Combination of alleles for any given trait

19
Q

What is an individual’s phenotype?

A

Outward expression of trait that you can observe

20
Q

What do you call an individual with two identical alleles for a trait such as RR or rr

A

They are homozygous dominant (RR) or homozygous recessive (rr)

21
Q

What do you call an individual with two different alleles for a trait?

A

Heterozygous

22
Q

How can you know if a phenotypically dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous?

A

You can do a test cross with a homozygous recessive plant

23
Q

What is Waltzer?

A

A recessive trait in mice that affects inner ear - they run in circles

24
Q

What is it called when there are two genes involved in a cross?

A

A dihybrid cross

25
Q

What is the Law of independent assortment?

A
  • When two alleles for one gene segregate independently - of the other alleles for other genes during gamete formation
26
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A
  • Condition in which neither of the two alleles are expressed - they conceal each others presence
27
Q

What is an example of incomplete dominance?

A

When red flowers cross with white flowers to produce pink flowers

28
Q

What are two genetic conditions in humans that show incomplete dominance?

A
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia
29
Q

What happens in sickle cell anemia?

A

The hemoglobin in the red blood cells form needle like crystals that distort the shape of the cells

30
Q

What does the allele look like for normal hemoglobin and for sickle cell?

A

Normal: Hb ^A
Sickle cell: Hb^s

31
Q

What does the genotype look like for sickle cell trait and why is this an advantage?

A
  • Hb^S Hb^A
  • This is a heterozygous advantage because they are resistant to malaria
32
Q

What happens in familial hypercholestolemia?

A

Tissues are unable to remove bad cholesterol from blood

33
Q

What is co - dominance?

A

When both alleles are fully expressed a black and white horse crossing to create offsrpign with black and white speckled hair

34
Q

Did sutton say that genes were carried on chromosomes?

A

yes

35
Q
A

Biology 30 (33 decks)

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