18.2 Flashcards
What did Fredrick Sanger establish?
He established that proteins consist of a sequence of amino acids
* Sequence of amino acids determines the chemical properties of a potein
What do the specific proteins produced by a cell determine?
The structure, function, and the development of the cell
What does giving a set of amino acids, arranged in a particular order do?
- proteins that are responsible for inherited traits
What does the base pairs determine?
- Make up the genetic code of an organism
- Determines the amino acids that are strung together and the proteins that are made
- Nucleotides provide information written in the genetic code, necessary to build proteins
What is the path of gene expression?
Gene information flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
What is transcription and where does it ocur?
Transcription occurs when DNA is copied into an RNA molecule - it occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
What RNa molecule is associated with transcitpion?
messanger RNA
After transcription where does mRNA move?
To the cytoplasm where the mRNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptide with the aid of TRNA
What are three important characteristics of a genetic code?
Redundant - more that one codon can code for the same amino acid
Continuous - no spaces, punctuations, overlap - stop is important
Universal - Almost all living things build proteins with the genetic code shown
What is the strand of DNA that is trascribed?
Sense strand
What is the strand of DNA that is not trascribed?
The Anti sense strand
What enzymes catalyze the synthesis of RNA?
RNA polymerase
What does the promotor region do?
It tells the RNA polymerase where to bind
What direction does RNA polymerase add nucleotides?
5’ to 3’ direction
What molecule links mRNA to its specific amino acid?
tRNA
