19.1

Question 1

What conclusion did Darwin and Wallace make?

Answer 1

Individual with variations that make them better suited to the environment, survive and pass favourable variation to the offspring

Question 2

What occurs when you add natural selection and inheritance?

Answer 2

Evolution occurs as there is genetic changes in a population over time

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

A group of organisms of the same species that live together in a defined area

Question 4

What are genes carried on?

Answer 4

Genes are carried on chromosomes

Question 5

What is each form of a gene called?

Answer 5

An allele

Question 6

What is the sum of all the alleles for all the genes in a population?

Answer 6

A gene pool

Question 7

What is the benefit of more variety within a gene pool?

Answer 7

The better the population can survive the changing environment

Question 8

What is the portion of a population with a particular genotype?

Answer 8

Genotype frequency

Question 9

What is the proportion of a population with a particular phenotype?

Answer 9

Phenotype frequency

Question 10

What is the rate of occurrence of a particular allele in a population - with respect to a particular gene?

Answer 10

Allele frequency

Question 11

How many possible alleles are there for every gene?

Answer 11

Two

Question 12

What are the five conditions that must be met so that allele frequency remains frequent over time?

Answer 12

1. Population must be large enough that chance events will not alter allele frequencies
2. Mates must be chosen on random basis
3. There must be no net mutations
4. There must be no migration
5. There must no be natural selection against phenotypes

Question 13

What are the five conditions that must be met to maintain allele frequency called as a whole?

Answer 13

Hardy-Weinberg Principles

Question 14

What are the two Hardy - Weinberg Equations?

Answer 14

P + q =1.00 and p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1.00

Question 15

What does the letter p and q represent in the Hardy Weinberg Equation?

Answer 15

P - dominant allele frequency

Q - recessive allele frequency

Question 16

What does p^2 and q^2 represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 16

P^2 - represents the genotype frequency of the dominant allele

Q^2 - represents the genotype frequency of the recessive allele

Question 17

What does 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 17

Genotype frequency for the heterozygous genotype

Question 18

What is the benefit of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 18

It allows geneticists to determine the portion of a population that carries recessive alleles for genetic conditions

Question 19

What is genetic equilibrium?

Answer 19

When the allele frequency remains constant over time

Question 20

What does it mean if the allele frequency is changing over time?

Answer 20

It means that one of the Hardy-Weinberg principles is not being met

Question 21

What is microevolution?

Answer 21

Change in allele frequencies in a population

Question 22

What is the benefit of DNA testing?

Answer 22

The allele frequency in one sample can be determined - can be used to predict the allele frequencies for the total population