19.1 Flashcards
What conclusion did Darwin and Wallace make?
Individual with variations that make them better suited to the environment, survive and pass favourable variation to the offspring
What occurs when you add natural selection and inheritance?
Evolution occurs as there is genetic changes in a population over time
What is a population?
A group of organisms of the same species that live together in a defined area
What are genes carried on?
Genes are carried on chromosomes
What is each form of a gene called?
An allele
What is the sum of all the alleles for all the genes in a population?
A gene pool
What is the benefit of more variety within a gene pool?
The better the population can survive the changing environment
What is the portion of a population with a particular genotype?
Genotype frequency
What is the proportion of a population with a particular phenotype?
Phenotype frequency
What is the rate of occurrence of a particular allele in a population - with respect to a particular gene?
Allele frequency
How many possible alleles are there for every gene?
Two
What are the five conditions that must be met so that allele frequency remains frequent over time?
- Population must be large enough that chance events will not alter allele frequencies
- Mates must be chosen on random basis
- There must be no net mutations
- There must be no migration
- There must no be natural selection against phenotypes
What are the five conditions that must be met to maintain allele frequency called as a whole?
Hardy-Weinberg Principles
What are the two Hardy - Weinberg Equations?
P + q =1.00 and p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1.00
What does the letter p and q represent in the Hardy Weinberg Equation?
P - dominant allele frequency
Q - recessive allele frequency
What does p^2 and q^2 represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
P^2 - represents the genotype frequency of the dominant allele
Q^2 - represents the genotype frequency of the recessive allele
What does 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Genotype frequency for the heterozygous genotype
What is the benefit of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
It allows geneticists to determine the portion of a population that carries recessive alleles for genetic conditions
What is genetic equilibrium?
When the allele frequency remains constant over time
What does it mean if the allele frequency is changing over time?
It means that one of the Hardy-Weinberg principles is not being met
What is microevolution?
Change in allele frequencies in a population
What is the benefit of DNA testing?
The allele frequency in one sample can be determined - can be used to predict the allele frequencies for the total population
