Human Reproductive System - 14.1

Question 1

What is the human reproductive system adapted to do?

Answer 1

To unit a single reproductive cell from a female parent with a single reproductive cell from a male parent

Question 2

What are the organs in the male and female that produce reproductive cells?

Answer 2

The Gonads

Question 3

What is the gonad in the male reproductive system?

Answer 3

Testis

Question 4

What is the gonad in the female reproductive system?

Answer 4

Ovaries

Question 5

What are the male and female reproductive cells also called?

Answer 5

Gametes

Question 6

What two things do the male and female gonads release?

Answer 6

Gametes

Sex hormones

Question 7

What are sex hormones?

Answer 7

Chemical compounds that control the development and function of the reproductive system

Question 8

What are primary sex characteristics?

Answer 8

Organs, ducts, and glands that play a direct role in reproduction

(scrotum, penis, uterus, oviducts)

Question 9

What are secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 9

Distinct features that are not directly related to reproductive function

(facial hair, deep voice, minimal body hair)

Question 10

What is the main role of the male reproductive system?

Answer 10

To produce and store a large number of sperm

To deposit this sperm inside the female reproductive tract

Question 11

Where are the two male gonads (testes) held inside the body?

Answer 11

They are held by the scrotum

Question 12

What does the Scrotum do?

Answer 12

It helps regulate the temperature of the testes

Question 13

What temperature is sperm production the most sucessful?

Answer 13

35 degrees celsius

Question 14

In cold conditions what does the scrotum do?

Answer 14

It draws the testicles closer to the body so they stay warm

Question 15

In hot conditions what does the scrotum do?

Answer 15

Holds the testicles more loosely allowing them to remain cooler than the body

Question 16

Where is the sperm produced?

Answer 16

Inside the seminiferous tubules (site of spermatogenesis)

Question 17

What secretes the male hormone testoserone?

Answer 17

Interstitial cells - in between the seminiferous tubules

Question 18

What are the three parts of the sperm?

Answer 18

• The oval head
• Cyndrical middle piece
• Extended tail (Flagellum)

Question 19

What does the head consist of?

Answer 19

• Contains 23 chromosomes
• Covered by a caplike structure (acrosome) - stores enzymes that penetrate the protective layer surrounding female egg

Question 20

What does the middle layer consist of?

Answer 20

• Mitochondria - provides energy for the movement of the tail

Question 21

What does the tail do?

Answer 21

Propels the sperm in lashing motions (sperm can move at a rate of about 3mm per hour)

Question 22

What supports and nourishes developing sperm?

Answer 22

Sertoli cells

Question 23

What is the epididymis?

Answer 23

Connected to the testis - place where sperm become mature and motile

Question 24

What is the ductus deferens?

Answer 24

Storage duct that conducts and stores sperm

Question 25

What is the primary reproductive function of the penis?

Answer 25

To transfer sperm from the male to female reproductive tract

Question 26

What is the enlarged tip of the penis called?

Answer 26

Glans penis

Question 27

What surrounds and protects the glans penis?

Answer 27

Sheath of skin - foreskin

Question 28

What is circumsision?

Answer 28

Surgical removal of foreskin

Question 29

How does the penis become erect?

Answer 29

Aroused - blood flow to erectile tissues increase - it expands Veins that carry blood from penis become compressed Penis is enlarged with blood and becomes erect Sperm move from epidymis through ductus deferens

Question 30

What does the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 30

Produces a mucus like fluid that contains the sugar fruticose - provides energy for the sperm

Question 31

What does the prostate gland and cowpers gland do?

Answer 31

Produce a mucus and a alkaline fluid to neutralize the acids from urine in the urethra

Question 32

What is the combination of sperm cells and fluids called?

Answer 32

Semes

Question 33

What duct carries fluid through the penis?

Answer 33

The urethra

Question 34

What prevents urine from mixing with semen during intercourse?

Answer 34

sphincters

Question 35

What series of interactions move semen?

Answer 35

Sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and somatic nervous system

Question 36

What trigger the release of semen form the penis?

Answer 36

Sensory stimulation, arousal, and coordinated muscular contractions

Question 37

What are the ovaries?

Answer 37

The site of oogenesis

Question 38

Another name for ova?

Answer 38

oocytes

Question 39

Do each ovary produce an egg each month?

Answer 39

No, ovaries alternate so that one produce an egg each month

Question 40

Where does a single ovum develop?

Answer 40

Within a follicle in the ovary

Question 41

What is the event of ovulation?

Answer 41

When a single follicle matures and ruptures - releasing the ovum into the oviduct

Question 42

What sweeps the ovum from the ovary to the oviduct?

Answer 42

Fimbriae (thread like projections)

Question 43

What is a mature ovum like?

Answer 43

A non motile sphere shaped cell - 0.1mm in diameters

Question 44

What does the ovum contains?

Answer 44

A large quantity of cytoplasm - contains nutrients for the first days of development after fertilization

Question 45

What is the uterus?

Answer 45

Muscular organ that holds and nourishes a developing fetus

Question 46

What is the internal lining of the uterus?

Answer 46

The endometrium - richly supplied with blood vessels to provide nutrients for the fetus

Question 47

What is the base of the uterus called?

Answer 47

Cervix

Question 48

What is the entrance for the erect penis to deposit sperm during sexual intercourse?

Answer 48

The vagina

Question 49

How long can an ovum survive in the oviduct?

Answer 49

Up to 24 hours after ovulation

Question 50

What happens if an egg encounters a sperm in the oviduct?

Answer 50

Fertilization

Question 51

What is a zygote?

Answer 51

A now fertilized egg

Question 52

What must the endometrium do to prepare itself for zygote?

Answer 52

Thicken so that the zygote can implant itself there

Question 53

What happens if the egg is not fertlized?

Answer 53

The endometrium disintegrates - its tissue and blood flow out of the vagina

Question 54

What is another term for the endometrium degenerating?

Answer 54

Menstruations

Question 55

What are the female externa genital organs?

Answer 55

Vulva * Labium minora - protect vaginal opening * Labium majora - protect vaginal opening * Glands clitoris - becomes erect during sexual intercourse