seizures and ms practice

Question 1

1. What causes seizures?
   A. Lack of oxygen
   B. Abnormal and excessive firing of neurons
   C. Low blood pressure
   D. Decreased nerve conduction

Answer 1

B

Question 2

2. What are the four phases of a seizure? (SATA)
   A. Prodromal
   B. Aural
   C. Ictal
   D. Refractory

Answer 2

A, B, C

Question 3

3. A patient reports a strange smell before a seizure. Which phase are they experiencing?
   A. Prodromal
   B. Aural
   C. Ictal
   D. Postictal

Answer 3

B

Question 4

4. Signs of generalized seizures include: (SATA)
   A. Loss of muscle tone
   B. Risk of head injury
   C. Brief loss of consciousness
   D. Unilateral weakness

Answer 4

A, B, C

Question 5

5. What are characteristics of tonic-clonic seizures? (SATA)
   A. Cyanosis
   B. Jerking extremities
   C. Tongue/cheek biting
   D. No muscle stiffness

Answer 5

A, B, C

Question 6

6. What are signs of focal seizures? (SATA)
   A. Localized twitching
   B. Emotional manifestations
   C. Dreamlike state
   D. Loss of all sensations

Answer 6

A, B, C

Question 7

7. During a seizure, what nursing action is most important?
   A. Restrain the patient
   B. Insert an airway
   C. Side-lying position
   D. Hold limbs tightly

Answer 7

C

Question 8

8. Which equipment should be kept at bedside for a seizure patient? (SATA)
   A. Suction
   B. Oxygen
   C. IV fluids
   D. Padded side rails

Answer 8

A, B, D

Question 9

9. After a seizure ends, what is the priority nursing intervention?
   A. Give food immediately
   B. Reorient the patient
   C. Insert a urinary catheter
   D. Force oral fluids

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10. Why should a postictal patient be NPO?
    A. Risk of vomiting
    B. Risk of hypoglycemia
    C. Risk of losing consciousness
    D. Risk of aspiration

Answer 10

D

Question 11

11. What education is important for a patient newly diagnosed with epilepsy? (SATA)
    A. Avoid triggers
    B. Medication adherence
    C. Drive after 3 months
    D. Medical alert bracelet

Answer 11

A, B, D

Question 12

12. What medical procedure might treat seizures when medications fail?
    A. Coronary angioplasty
    B. Vagal nerve stimulation
    C. Kidney transplant
    D. Cardiac ablation

Answer 12

B

Question 13

13. A patient asks why an EEG is ordered. What is the best response?
    A. To measure blood sugar
    B. To check heart function
    C. To detect abnormal brain electrical activity
    D. To assess lung capacity

Answer 13

C

Question 14

14. What lab test abnormalities could point to a seizure cause? (SATA)
    A. Low sodium
    B. Low calcium
    C. High WBC
    D. Abnormal LFTs

Answer 14

A, B, D

Question 15

15. What medication slows abnormal brain signals in seizures?
    A. Levetiracetam
    B. Aspirin
    C. Nitroglycerin
    D. Albuterol

Answer 15

A

Question 16

16. What is multiple sclerosis?
    A. Vascular disease
    B. CNS autoimmune demyelination
    C. Neuromuscular junction disorder
    D. Bone marrow suppression

Answer 16

B

Question 17

17. Which MS type involves clear attacks followed by full recovery?
    A. Primary progressive
    B. Progressive-relapsing
    C. Relapsing-remitting
    D. Secondary progressive

Answer 17

C

Question 18

18. Who is most at risk for developing MS?
    A. Men over 65
    B. Women aged 20-40
    C. Teens aged 13-18
    D. Children under 10

Answer 18

B

Question 19

19. Early signs of MS include: (SATA)
    A. Numbness/tingling
    B. Blurred vision
    C. Hearing loss
    D. Hyperreflexia

Answer 19

A, B, C

Question 20

20. Which MS symptom is considered an emergency?
    A. Muscle weakness
    B. Diarrhea
    C. Dysphagia (trouble swallowing)
    D. Constipation

Answer 20

C

Question 21

21. Nursing interventions for MS patients should include: (SATA)
    A. Prevent infections
    B. Frequent rest periods
    C. Cold water exercises
    D. Skipping meals to save energy

Answer 21

A, B, C

Question 22

22. What education should be given to an MS patient regarding flares? (SATA)
    A. Avoid overheating
    B. Adhere to medication
    C. Push through severe fatigue
    D. Get vaccinated appropriately

Answer 22

A, B, D

Question 23

23. What interventions should be done for bedbound MS patients? (SATA)
    A. Turn frequently
    B. Prevent pressure ulcers
    C. Keep skin dry
    D. Ambulate hourly

Answer 23

A, B, C

Question 24

24. A patient with MS has bladder issues. What self-care technique is recommended?
    A. Foley catheter at home
    B. Self-catheterization
    C. Bedpan use
    D. Increased caffeine

Answer 24

B

Question 25

25. What diet is best for MS patients with constipation?
    A. High fat
    B. Low fiber
    C. High fiber
    D. High protein

Answer 25

C

Question 26

26. What imaging test is used to diagnose MS?
    A. EEG
    B. CT
    C. MRI with contrast
    D. X-ray

Answer 26

C

Question 27

27. What findings are expected on MRI in MS?
    A. Brain tumors
    B. Sclerotic plaques
    C. Hemorrhage
    D. Ischemic stroke

Answer 27

B

Question 28

28. What does the health history help determine in MS diagnosis?
    A. Blood type
    B. Cardiac risk
    C. Symptom progression and exclusion of other causes
    D. Infection history

Answer 28

C

Question 29

29. Which symptom pattern meets MS diagnostic criteria? (SATA)
    A. 2 inflammatory lesions in 2 CNS areas
    B. 2 attacks separated by at least 1 month
    C. Positive blood culture
    D. Exclusion of other diseases

Answer 29

A, B, D

Question 30

30. A patient reports feeling tired after light exercise. What teaching is appropriate?
    A. Push harder next time
    B. Balance activity with rest
    C. Exercise at night
    D. Increase caffeine intake

Answer 30

B

Question 31

31. A patient with MS has urinary retention. What is a safe solution?
    A. Increased water intake only
    B. Bedside commode
    C. Routine straight catheterization
    D. Diuretics

Answer 31

C

Question 32

32. MS patients should avoid which temperature extremes?
    A. Very hot
    B. Very cold
    C. Both hot and cold
    D. Neither

Answer 32

C

Question 33

33. Which emotional symptom is common early in MS?
    A. Euphoria
    B. Emotional lability
    C. Aggression
    D. Depression

Answer 33

B

Question 34

34. What type of bladder dysfunction is typical in MS?
    A. Spastic bladder
    B. Flaccid bladder
    C. Overflow incontinence
    D. Neurogenic bladder

Answer 34

A

Question 35

35. Why are infections dangerous in MS patients?
    A. They cause hypoglycemia
    B. They worsen neurologic symptoms
    C. They cure the disease
    D. They boost immune response

Answer 35

B

Question 36

36. What kind of exercise is safest for MS patients?
    A. Marathon running
    B. Hot yoga
    C. Light aerobic or water exercise
    D. Sprint intervals

Answer 36

C

Question 37

37. What is a goal for MS patient education about daily activities?
    A. Avoid all exercise
    B. Only rest
    C. Schedule activities when most energized
    D. Do all tasks at once

Answer 37

C

Question 38

38. A newly diagnosed MS patient is overwhelmed. What is an important nursing action?
    A. Leave them alone
    B. Push them to plan immediately
    C. Refer to support groups
    D. Tell them it’s no big deal

Answer 38

C

Question 39

39. How does vagal nerve stimulation help seizures?
    A. Slows kidney function
    B. Regulates brain electrical activity
    C. Speeds up neuron firing
    D. Strengthens blood vessels

Answer 39

B

Question 40

40. What is a reason to prioritize suctioning equipment at bedside for seizure patients?
    A. To deliver medications faster
    B. To prevent aspiration
    C. To increase blood pressure
    D. To stimulate breathing

Answer 40

B