PD + MG+ ALZ

Question 1

1. What is Parkinson’s disease?
   A) A neurodegenerative disorder causing slowed movement, muscle rigidity, tremors, and gait changes.
   B) A viral infection that affects the brain.
   C) A condition caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain.
   D) A psychiatric disorder causing tremors.

Answer 1

A) A neurodegenerative disorder causing slowed movement, muscle rigidity, tremors, and gait changes.

Question 2

2. What are the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
   A) “Pill rolling” tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, Parkinsonian shuffle.
   B) Increased appetite, poor memory, and excessive movement.
   C) Seizures and tremors.
   D) Depression, dizziness, and altered sleep patterns.

Answer 2

A) “Pill rolling” tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, Parkinsonian shuffle.

Question 3

3. What nursing interventions are important for Parkinson’s disease?
   A) Educate on strict medication adherence.
   B) Encourage independence in ADLs.
   C) Provide support groups for caregivers.
   D) All of the above.

Answer 3

D) All of the above.

Question 4

4. What surgical treatments are available for Parkinson’s disease?
   A) Deep brain stimulation, ablation surgery, and Gamma knife surgery.
   B) Liver transplant and brain resection.
   C) Spinal cord surgery.
   D) Bone marrow transplant.

Answer 4

A) Deep brain stimulation, ablation surgery, and Gamma knife surgery.

Question 5

5. What diagnostic tests confirm Parkinson’s disease?
   A) Brain biopsy and CT scan.
   B) MRI with contrast showing sclerotic lesions.
   C) Lewy bodies in the brain and positive response to medications.
   D) Genetic testing for mutations.

Answer 5

C) Lewy bodies in the brain and positive response to medications.

Question 6

6. What medication is commonly prescribed for Parkinson’s disease?
   A) Levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet).
   B) Beta-blockers.
   C) Antidepressants.
   D) Antihypertensives.

Answer 6

A) Levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet).

Question 7

7. What is myasthenia gravis (MG)?
   A) An autoimmune disease where antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors.
   B) A neurodegenerative disease affecting muscle coordination.
   C) A condition causing uncontrollable tremors.
   D) An inflammatory disease causing nerve damage.

Answer 7

A) An autoimmune disease where antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors.

Question 8

8. What are the early symptoms of MG?
   A) Weakness in facial muscles, ptosis, impaired chewing, swallowing, and speaking.
   B) Fatigue and memory loss.
   C) Numbness and tingling.
   D) Vision changes and dizziness.

Answer 8

A) Weakness in facial muscles, ptosis, impaired chewing, swallowing, and speaking.

Question 9

9. How does muscle weakness progress in MG?
   A) Weakness worsens as the day progresses and spreads down the body.
   B) Weakness improves with rest.
   C) Muscle strength gradually improves.
   D) The weakness is constant throughout the day.

Answer 9

A) Weakness worsens as the day progresses and spreads down the body.

Question 10

10. What is the “peek sign” in MG?
    A) Patients cannot keep their eyelids closed; after forced closure, they start to open involuntarily.
    B) Swelling of the face.
    C) Inability to speak clearly.
    D) Sudden muscle jerks.

Answer 10

A) Patients cannot keep their eyelids closed; after forced closure, they start to open involuntarily.

Question 11

11. Who is most commonly affected by MG?
    A) Women (ages 20-30) and men (age 50+).
    B) Elderly men only.
    C) Children under 10.
    D) Pregnant women.

Answer 11

A) Women (ages 20-30) and men (age 50+).

Question 12

12. What is a myasthenic crisis?
    A) Extreme muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, and diaphoresis, leading to respiratory failure risk.
    B) A sudden increase in muscle tone.
    C) Sudden joint inflammation.
    D) Extreme fatigue without muscle weakness.

Answer 12

A) Extreme muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, and diaphoresis, leading to respiratory failure risk.

Question 13

13. What nursing interventions are important for MG?
    A) Maintain adequate ventilation.
    B) Provide a soft/pureed diet.
    C) Educate on medication adherence.
    D) All of the above.

Answer 13

D) All of the above.

Question 14

14. What special eye care is needed for MG patients?
    A) Tape eyes shut during sleep and use eye drops to prevent dryness.
    B) Avoid wearing glasses.
    C) Apply hot compresses to the eyes.
    D) Increase exposure to sunlight.

Answer 14

A) Tape eyes shut during sleep and use eye drops to prevent dryness.

Question 15

15. What surgical treatment is available for MG?
    A) Thymectomy (removal of thymus).
    B) Brain surgery.
    C) Spinal surgery.
    D) Organ transplant.

Answer 15

A) Thymectomy (removal of thymus).

Question 16

16. What treatments help in a myasthenic crisis?
    A) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis.
    B) High-dose corticosteroids.
    C) Blood transfusion.
    D) Antibiotics.

Answer 16

A) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis.

Question 17

17. What diagnostic tests confirm MG?
    A) EMG showing decreased response to hand muscle stimulation and Edrophonium test.
    B) CT/MRI showing brain lesions.
    C) Blood cultures.
    D) Genetic testing.

Answer 17

A) EMG showing decreased response to hand muscle stimulation and Edrophonium test.

Question 18

18. What medications are used for MG?
    A) Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and Pyridostigmine.
    B) Insulin and glucose.
    C) Beta-blockers.
    D) Antidepressants.

Answer 18

A) Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and Pyridostigmine.

Question 19

19. Why must Pyridostigmine dosing be carefully monitored?
    A) Too low a dose can cause a myasthenic crisis, while too high a dose can cause a cholinergic crisis.
    B) It can cause liver toxicity if taken long-term.
    C) It leads to drowsiness.
    D) It causes weight gain.

Answer 19

A) Too low a dose can cause a myasthenic crisis, while too high a dose can cause a cholinergic crisis.

Question 20

20. What is Alzheimer’s disease?
    A) A chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder.
    B) A psychiatric condition.
    C) A short-term memory issue.
    D) An autoimmune disorder.

Answer 20

A) A chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder.

Question 21

21. What are the major risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease?
    A) Age >65, family history, and vascular diseases.
    B) Smoking and alcohol use.
    C) Physical inactivity and low IQ.
    D) Exposure to environmental toxins.

Answer 21

A) Age >65, family history, and vascular diseases.

Question 22

22. What are the early signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
    A) Memory loss affecting job skills, difficulty with abstract thinking, and trouble performing familiar tasks.
    B) Visual hallucinations and altered speech.
    C) Sudden violent behavior.
    D) Difficulty with coordination.

Answer 22

A) Memory loss affecting job skills, difficulty with abstract thinking, and trouble performing familiar tasks.

Question 23

23. How does Alzheimer’s affect language?
    A) Patients struggle to find the right words when speaking.
    B) They lose the ability to speak entirely.
    C) They can’t read.
    D) They speak in short, repetitive sentences.

Answer 23

A) Patients struggle to find the right words when speaking.

Question 24

24. What behavioral changes occur in Alzheimer’s patients?
    A) Mood swings, depression, personality changes, and agitation.
    B) Lethargy and social withdrawal.
    C) Increased energy levels.
    D) Anxiety and paranoia.

Answer 24

A) Mood swings, depression, personality changes, and agitation.

Question 25

25. What are key nursing interventions for Alzheimer’s disease? A) Prevent falls with noninvasive measures. B) Supervise meals and fluid intake. C) Provide a structured routine and ensure safety. D) All of the above.

Answer 25

D) All of the above.

Question 26

26. How can nurses manage agitation in Alzheimer’s patients? A) Use reminiscence therapy and distraction techniques. B) Encourage loud conversations. C) Isolate the patient. D) Use physical restraints.

Answer 26

A) Use reminiscence therapy and distraction techniques.

Question 27

27. What environmental modifications can help Alzheimer’s patients? A) Keep the environment well-lit and label hot/cold faucets for safety. B) Place the patient in a dark room. C) Provide a noisy environment. D) Avoid structured routines.

Answer 27

A) Keep the environment well-lit and label hot/cold faucets for safety.

Question 28

28. What should families be educated on? A) Appliance safety, driving risks, stair usage, and when to consider long-term care placement. B) How to cook for Alzheimer’s patients. C) How to ignore behavior changes. D) Avoid long-term care placement.

Answer 28

A) Appliance safety, driving risks, stair usage, and when to consider long-term care placement.

Question 29

29. What diagnostic tests confirm Alzheimer’s disease? A) Neuropsychological testing, clock drawing test, and CT/MRI. B) Blood tests. C) EEG. D) Urine tests.

Answer 29

A) Neuropsychological testing, clock drawing test, and CT/MRI.

Question 30

30. What medications are used for Alzheimer’s disease? A) Cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine. B) Antidepressants. C) Antipsychotics. D) Antihypertensives.

Answer 30

A) Cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine.