dm practice Flashcards
1
Q
- Which symptoms are classic for Type 1 diabetes? A. Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss B. Chest pain, nausea, diaphoresis C. Jaundice, pruritus, fatigue D. Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope
A
A
2
Q
- A patient with Type 1 diabetes is admitted for weakness and weight loss. Which mechanism explains the weight loss? A. Decreased appetite B. Increased metabolism of sugar C. Breakdown of fats and muscles for energy D. Excess water retention
A
C
3
Q
- SATA: Which factors can cause Type 2 diabetes? A. Insulin resistance B. Autoimmune beta cell destruction C. Inadequate insulin secretion D. Increased insulin sensitivity
A
A, C
4
Q
- What should the nurse teach about insulin storage? A. Store opened vials at room temperature indefinitely B. Refrigerate unopened vials C. Freeze vials to preserve potency D. Expose to sunlight to maintain warmth
A
B
5
Q
- What is a key diagnostic A1C value for diabetes diagnosis? A. >5.5% B. >6.5% C. >7.5% D. >8.5%
A
B
6
Q
- Case: A patient has an A1C of 7%, frequent infections, and fatigue. What type of diabetes is most likely? A. Type 1 B. Type 2 C. Gestational D. MODY
A
B
7
Q
- What is the purpose of basal background insulin? A. Spike insulin after meals B. Maintain blood glucose between meals and overnight C. Cause a major peak to prevent hyperglycemia D. Boost liver glucose production
A
B
8
Q
- Which insulins are typically used in a basal-bolus regimen? A. Short-acting and intermediate-acting B. Long-acting and rapid-acting C. Long-acting and short-acting D. Intermediate-acting only
A
B
9
Q
- SATA: Why should patients wear a medical alert bracelet for diabetes? A. To avoid taking medication B. To inform emergency responders C. To alert others during hypoglycemia D. To monitor their blood pressure
A
B, C
10
Q
- Which insulin type peaks in 30 minutes to 3 hours? A. Long-acting B. Intermediate-acting C. Rapid-acting D. Short-acting
A
C
11
Q
- What is the action onset for short-acting insulin? A. 1.5-5 hours B. 10-30 minutes C. 40 minutes-4 hours D. 4-12 hours
A
B
12
Q
- A patient asks why alcohol should be avoided. The best response is: A. It increases the effectiveness of insulin B. It can cause unpredictable blood sugar drops C. It causes weight loss D. It replaces the need for carbohydrates
A
B
13
Q
- Why does wound healing take longer in diabetics? A. Decreased white blood cell count B. Vascular damage limits circulation C. Increased platelet activity D. Hyperinsulinemia
A
B
14
Q
- SATA: Which vaccines are recommended for diabetic patients? A. Pneumococcal vaccine B. Flu vaccine C. HPV vaccine D. Meningococcal vaccine
A
A, B
15
Q
- What is the purpose of carb counting? A. Estimate fat needs B. Time insulin doses accurately to carbohydrate intake C. Reduce the need for exercise D. Eliminate glucose monitoring
A
B
16
Q
- What is the best exercise advice for diabetic patients? A. Avoid exercise to prevent glucose swings B. Exercise heavily without eating C. Always carry a snack to prevent hypoglycemia D. Only exercise when glucose is high
A
C
17
Q
- Which medication type is most commonly used first in Type 2 diabetes? A. IV insulin drips B. Oral medications C. Injectable corticosteroids D. Blood transfusions
A
B
18
Q
- Why is it important to rotate insulin injection sites? A. Increase insulin absorption B. Prevent lipodystrophy C. Prevent infection D. All of the above
A
D
19
Q
- Case: A Type 1 diabetic jogs every morning. What advice should the nurse give? A. Skip breakfast to enhance fat burning B. Decrease insulin dose before exercise C. Eat an extra carbohydrate snack D. Exercise only once per week
A
C
20
Q
- SATA: What symptoms suggest hyperglycemia? A. Polyuria B. Polydipsia C. Sweating D. Polyphagia
A
A, B, D
21
Q
- What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes? A. Insulin resistance B. Beta cell destruction C. Obesity D. Sedentary lifestyle
A
B
22
Q
- What is a random plasma glucose level indicating diabetes? A. >100 mg/dL B. >126 mg/dL C. >150 mg/dL D. >200 mg/dL
A
D
23
Q
- What is a major complication of not adhering to insulin therapy in Type 1 diabetes? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) C. Hypertension D. Edema
A
B
24
Q
- What causes fatigue in Type 2 diabetes? A. Hypokalemia B. Glucose not entering cells effectively C. Hyperinsulinemia D. Excess sodium
A
B
25
Q
- What describes rapid-acting insulin best? A. No peak, lasts 24 hours B. Peaks quickly and used before meals C. Peaks slowly over 12 hours D. Used mainly at bedtime
A
B
26
Q
- Which insulin has no pronounced peak? A. Short-acting B. Long-acting C. Intermediate-acting D. Rapid-acting
A
B
27
Q
- Case: A patient states, “I don’t need my meds because I feel fine.” How should the nurse respond? A. “You’re right. Skip today’s dose.” B. “You must always feel symptoms before taking medication.” C. “Medications help manage blood sugar and prevent future problems.” D. “Only take medications when sick.”
A
C
28
Q
- SATA: Which recommendations are part of a diabetic diet? A. Choose complex carbs B. Eat lots of saturated fat C. Avoid alcohol D. Use trans fats in moderation
A
A, C
29
Q
- Which insulin has a peak between 2-5 hours? A. Short-acting B. Long-acting C. Intermediate-acting D. Rapid-acting
A
A
30
Q
- What is a 6.5% A1C best interpreted as? A. Normal result B. Diagnostic for diabetes C. Indicating need for blood transfusion D. Diagnostic for hypoglycemia
A
B
31
Q
- How soon does rapid-acting insulin work? A. 10-30 min B. 2 hours C. 1.5 hours D. 4 hours
A
A
32
Q
- Why do diabetics have frequent infections? A. Poor hygiene B. Immune system weakened by hyperglycemia C. Overproduction of red blood cells D. High insulin levels
A
B
33
Q
- What is the onset of intermediate-acting insulin? A. 10 minutes B. 1.5-5 hours C. 12 hours D. 4-12 hours
A
B
34
Q
- SATA: Why is glucose monitoring important? A. Tracks trends B. Prevents DKA C. Eliminates need for exercise D. Helps adjust medication
A
A, B, D
35
Q
- Which type of insulin must be given with meals to mimic natural insulin secretion? A. Intermediate-acting B. Long-acting C. Rapid-acting D. None
A
C
36
Q
- Which medication class reduces inflammation in diabetes? A. NSAIDs B. Inhaled corticosteroids C. Oral hypoglycemics D. Beta-blockers
A
C
37
Q
- What is a common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis? A. Overeating B. Omitting insulin doses C. Drinking too much water D. Using too much insulin
A
B
38
Q
- What does continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provide? A. Immediate hypoglycemia alerts B. Annual blood sugar report C. Blood type information D. Lung function trends
A
A
39
Q
- What type of glucose test is used post-2 hour meal for diagnosis? A. Random glucose test B. 2-hour plasma glucose tolerance test C. Fasting blood glucose D. A1C test
A
B
40
Q
- SATA: What benefits does exercise provide to diabetic patients? A. Improves glucose control B. Promotes cardiovascular health C. Increases insulin resistance D. Reduces need for all medications
A
A, B
