adult 1: lung + breast cancer Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the early signs/symptoms of lung cancer?
Persistent cough (can be attributed to chronic smoking), dyspnea, wheezing, blood-tinged sputum, chest pain.
What are the late signs/symptoms of lung cancer?
Anorexia, N/V, fatigue, weight loss, hoarseness, dysphagia, superior vena cava obstruction, palpable lymph nodes.
What is the medical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?
Surgical treatment (for resectable tumors), chemotherapy if unresectable or as adjuvant therapy.
What is the medical treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)?
Chemotherapy (due to its rapid growth).
What are the nursing interventions for lung cancer?
Maintain a patent airway, ensure adequate O2 saturation, provide pain relief, educate on cancer type, treatment regimen, and prognosis, encourage emotional discussion, educate on avoiding all smoke exposure.
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking, occupation, environmental pollutants, secondhand smoke, radiation exposure, asbestos exposure.
What are the diagnostic tests for lung cancer?
Chest X-ray (to look for infiltrates), CT, MRI, PET scans (to view metastases), sputum cytology (to identify cancer cells), biopsy (gold standard).
What are prevention and screening for lung cancer?
Prevention: Smoking cessation. Screening: CT scan for smokers and pollutant-exposed careers.
What is the significance of a CT scan for lung cancer?
CT scans are used for screening smokers and individuals with pollutant-exposed careers.
What should be done to prevent lung cancer?
Smoking cessation is the most effective prevention method.
What is a common early sign of breast cancer?
A lump or thickened breast tissue.
What is a possible sign of advanced breast cancer involving the nipple?
Nipple retraction or unilateral nipple discharge.
What skin changes may indicate breast cancer?
Peau d’orange (orange peel texture) and skin dimpling.
What genetic factor increases the risk of breast cancer?
Presence of the BRCA gene mutation.
At what age does the risk of breast cancer significantly increase?
After age 55.
What reproductive factors increase the risk of breast cancer?
Early menarche (<12 yrs), late menopause, never giving birth, and never breastfeeding.
What lifestyle factors increase the risk of breast cancer?
Smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol use (F: >1 drink/day, M: >2 drinks/day).
How does breast density relate to breast cancer risk?
Dense or fibrotic breasts increase the risk.
What screening tool is most commonly used to detect breast cancer?
Mammography.
What imaging is used to further assess breast abnormalities?
Breast ultrasound and MRI.
What test helps determine cancer spread in breast cancer?
Lymph node analysis.
What is a lumpectomy?
A breast-conserving surgery that removes only the tumor.
What is a simple (total) mastectomy?
Removal of the entire breast without lymph nodes.
What is a modified radical mastectomy?
Removal of the entire breast and some lymph nodes.
