pneumonia + COPD Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
An acute infection of the lung parenchyma.
What are the types of pneumonia?
Community-acquired, hospital-acquired, aspiration, necrotizing, and opportunistic pneumonia.
What are common signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Productive cough with sputum, fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, and crackles in lower lobes.
What respiratory assessments should be monitored in pneumonia patients?
Respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, breath sounds, and signs of respiratory distress.
What dietary considerations should be taken for pneumonia patients?
Provide a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
What positioning helps pneumonia patients breathe better?
Raise the head of the bed to semi-Fowler’s or high Fowler’s position.
How can pneumonia patients prevent complications like VTE and GI issues?
Encourage ambulation.
What breathing techniques should be taught to pneumonia patients?
Educate on incentive spirometry and deep coughing.
Why is hydration important for pneumonia patients?
Adequate hydration helps thin mucus secretions for easier clearance.
When is oxygen therapy needed for pneumonia patients?
When oxygen saturation is low or the patient has difficulty breathing.
What advanced respiratory support might be needed for severe pneumonia?
Mechanical ventilation.
How can chest physiotherapy help pneumonia patients?
It helps mobilize and clear lung secretions.
Why might a speech therapist be consulted for pneumonia patients?
To assess dysphagia and recommend a softer diet if needed.
What is a key diagnostic test for pneumonia?
Chest X-ray showing consolidation.
What lab test helps determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment?
Culture and sensitivity testing of sputum.
What is the primary treatment for bacterial pneumonia?
Prescribed antibiotics based on culture results.
Why is it important to complete the full course of antibiotics?
To fully eradicate the infection and prevent resistance.
What medications can help manage fever in pneumonia?
Antipyretics.
What medications can help relieve chest pain in pneumonia?
Analgesics.
What is COPD?
A progressive lung disease causing chronic inflammation in the airways and lungs, limiting airflow.
What two conditions make up COPD?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
What are common signs and symptoms of COPD?
Dyspnea, productive cough, chest tightness, barrel chest, accessory muscle use, gasping, and wheezing.
What are risk factors for COPD?
Asthma, smoking, pollution, toxins, occupational hazards, recurrent infections, and aging.
What complications can acute triggers of COPD cause?
Cor pulmonale, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and acute respiratory failure.
