pneumonia + COPD Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
An acute infection of the lung parenchyma.
What are the types of pneumonia?
Community-acquired, hospital-acquired, aspiration, necrotizing, and opportunistic pneumonia.
What are common signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Productive cough with sputum, fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, and crackles in lower lobes.
What respiratory assessments should be monitored in pneumonia patients?
Respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, breath sounds, and signs of respiratory distress.
What dietary considerations should be taken for pneumonia patients?
Provide a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
What positioning helps pneumonia patients breathe better?
Raise the head of the bed to semi-Fowler’s or high Fowler’s position.
How can pneumonia patients prevent complications like VTE and GI issues?
Encourage ambulation.
What breathing techniques should be taught to pneumonia patients?
Educate on incentive spirometry and deep coughing.
Why is hydration important for pneumonia patients?
Adequate hydration helps thin mucus secretions for easier clearance.
When is oxygen therapy needed for pneumonia patients?
When oxygen saturation is low or the patient has difficulty breathing.
What advanced respiratory support might be needed for severe pneumonia?
Mechanical ventilation.
How can chest physiotherapy help pneumonia patients?
It helps mobilize and clear lung secretions.
Why might a speech therapist be consulted for pneumonia patients?
To assess dysphagia and recommend a softer diet if needed.
What is a key diagnostic test for pneumonia?
Chest X-ray showing consolidation.
What lab test helps determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment?
Culture and sensitivity testing of sputum.
What is the primary treatment for bacterial pneumonia?
Prescribed antibiotics based on culture results.
Why is it important to complete the full course of antibiotics?
To fully eradicate the infection and prevent resistance.
What medications can help manage fever in pneumonia?
Antipyretics.
What medications can help relieve chest pain in pneumonia?
Analgesics.
What is COPD?
A progressive lung disease causing chronic inflammation in the airways and lungs, limiting airflow.
What two conditions make up COPD?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
What are common signs and symptoms of COPD?
Dyspnea, productive cough, chest tightness, barrel chest, accessory muscle use, gasping, and wheezing.
What are risk factors for COPD?
Asthma, smoking, pollution, toxins, occupational hazards, recurrent infections, and aging.
What complications can acute triggers of COPD cause?
Cor pulmonale, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and acute respiratory failure.
What breathing techniques should COPD patients be taught?
Pursed-lip breathing and huff cough.
How can COPD patients conserve energy?
Use energy conservation techniques, such as pacing activities and resting between tasks.
What rehabilitation program can benefit COPD patients?
Pulmonary rehabilitation.
How should home oxygen be stored?
Upright and away from open flames.
What positioning helps COPD patients breathe better?
Raise the head of the bed to semi-Fowler’s or high Fowler’s position.
Why is infection prevention important for COPD patients?
To prevent exacerbations that can worsen lung function.
What are surgical treatments for COPD?
Lung volume reduction surgery, bullectomy, and in rare cases, lung transplant.
What does a chest X-ray show in COPD patients?
A flat diaphragm with hyperinflated lungs.
What test is used to measure lung volume and monitor COPD progression?
Lung function tests (LFTs) with spirometry.
What test helps healthcare providers assess COPD symptoms?
COPD assessment test.
What is the purpose of the 6-minute walk test for COPD patients?
To check if pulse oximetry falls below 88%, qualifying the patient for home oxygen therapy.
What types of bronchodilators are used for COPD treatment?
Short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators.
What medication is used for quick relief in COPD?
Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists.
What medication is used for long-term COPD management?
Long-acting beta-2 agonists.
What medication helps control inflammation in COPD?
Inhaled corticosteroids taken daily.
