deliurum and gb practice

Question 1

1. What is delirium?
   A) A long-term mental health disorder.
   B) An acute state of confusion.
   C) A chronic memory disorder.
   D) A seizure disorder.

Answer 1

B) An acute state of confusion.

Question 2

2. What are the common causes of delirium?
   A) D.E.L.I.R.I.U.M. mnemonic.
   B) Only infections.
   C) Only dehydration.
   D) Stroke and head trauma.

Answer 2

A) D.E.L.I.R.I.U.M. mnemonic.

Question 3

3. What are the signs and symptoms of delirium?
   A) Impaired memory, agitation, hallucinations, and emotional lability.
   B) Sudden onset of paralysis.
   C) Uncontrolled tremors.
   D) Slurred speech and fever.

Answer 3

A) Impaired memory, agitation, hallucinations, and emotional lability.

Question 4

4. Which of the following are nursing interventions for delirium?
   A) Limit distractions.
   B) Anticipate patient needs.
   C) Promote sleep.
   D) Reorient and redirect.
   E) All of the above.

Answer 4

E) All of the above.

Question 5

5. Which diagnostic test is used for delirium?
   A) MRI.
   B) Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).
   C) EEG.
   D) Glucose level test.

Answer 5

B) Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).

Question 6

6. When are medications prescribed for delirium?
   A) For severe agitation when necessary for safety.
   B) For managing fever.
   C) As the first line of treatment.
   D) Only for hallucinations.

Answer 6

A) For severe agitation when necessary for safety.

Question 7

7. What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)?
   A) An autoimmune disease attacking the myelin sheath or nerve axons.
   B) A viral infection causing inflammation.
   C) A bacterial infection leading to brain swelling.
   D) A genetic condition causing muscle degeneration.

Answer 7

A) An autoimmune disease attacking the myelin sheath or nerve axons.

Question 8

8. What happens in Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP)?
   A) Nerve conduction is blocked due to myelin sheath destruction.
   B) The immune system attacks the brain.
   C) There is an overproduction of neurotransmitters.
   D) Muscle tone is increased.

Answer 8

A) Nerve conduction is blocked due to myelin sheath destruction.

Question 9

9. What is a hallmark symptom of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
   A) Ascending, symmetric limb weakness.
   B) Seizures and hallucinations.
   C) Sudden loss of memory.
   D) Hearing loss and ringing in ears.

Answer 9

A) Ascending, symmetric limb weakness.

Question 10

10. What causes Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)?
    A) It is usually triggered by a bacterial or viral infection.
    B) It is caused by exposure to cold temperatures.
    C) It is a genetic condition.
    D) It occurs due to vitamin deficiencies.

Answer 10

A) It is usually triggered by a bacterial or viral infection.

Question 11

11. What are the autonomic dysfunctions associated with GBS?
    A) Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, heart block, and diaphoresis.
    B) Increased heart rate and blood pressure.
    C) Dry skin and inability to sweat.
    D) Increased urine output and fluid retention.

Answer 11

A) Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, heart block, and diaphoresis.

Question 12

12. What are common cranial nerve issues in GBS?
    A) Facial weakness, dysphagia, and problems with eye movement.
    B) Loss of vision and speech.
    C) Loss of taste and smell.
    D) Severe dizziness and balance problems.

Answer 12

A) Facial weakness, dysphagia, and problems with eye movement.

Question 13

13. What is the expected pattern of recovery in GBS?
    A) Remyelination occurs slowly, from proximal to distal.
    B) Recovery happens rapidly, starting with hands and feet.
    C) Recovery begins in the distal limbs and moves proximally.
    D) There is no recovery.

Answer 13

A) Remyelination occurs slowly, from proximal to distal.

Question 14

14. How is blood pressure managed in GBS?
    A) Administer vasopressors and volume expanders for low BP.
    B) Increase fluid intake.
    C) Administer antihypertensive medications.
    D) Monitor BP only.

Answer 14

A) Administer vasopressors and volume expanders for low BP.

Question 15

15. How should a nurse assess a patient with GBS for swallowing difficulties?
    A) Test gag reflex, observe for drooling, and check for difficulty swallowing.
    B) Administer a thickened diet without testing.
    C) Encourage the patient to eat normally.
    D) Use a feeding tube without further assessment.

Answer 15

A) Test gag reflex, observe for drooling, and check for difficulty swallowing.

Question 16

16. Why is fatigue management important in GBS?
    A) Fatigue is common, and patients should rest during recovery.
    B) Patients should increase their physical activity immediately.
    C) Fatigue is not an issue in GBS recovery.
    D) Excessive rest should be avoided.

Answer 16

A) Fatigue is common, and patients should rest during recovery.

Question 17

17. What nursing interventions are essential for a GBS patient?
    A) Monitor motor and sensory functions.
    B) Encourage frequent mobility exercises.
    C) Provide emotional and educational support.
    D) All of the above.

Answer 17

D) All of the above.

Question 18

18. What should be done if a fever develops in a GBS patient?
    A) Obtain blood and sputum cultures, then start antibiotics.
    B) Administer antipyretics without further testing.
    C) Wait for symptoms to subside.
    D) Increase fluids and monitor.

Answer 18

A) Obtain blood and sputum cultures, then start antibiotics.

Question 19

19. Why is aspiration risk education important for GBS patients?
    A) Due to cranial nerve involvement, patients may have dysphagia, increasing aspiration risk.
    B) GBS causes a complete loss of appetite.
    C) The patient’s gag reflex is unaffected.
    D) Aspiration is not a concern in GBS.

Answer 19

A) Due to cranial nerve involvement, patients may have dysphagia, increasing aspiration risk.

Question 20

20. What are the hallmark symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
    A) Paresthesia, hypotonia, and muscle weakness.
    B) Nausea and vomiting.
    C) Severe headache and neck stiffness.
    D) Seizures and muscle spams.

Answer 20

A) Paresthesia, hypotonia, and muscle weakness.

Question 21

21. What is the first priority in assessing a GBS patient?
    A) Assess respiratory function and autonomic stability.
    B) Monitor for pain.
    C) Administer medications.
    D) Perform a full physical exam.

Answer 21

A) Assess respiratory function and autonomic stability.

Question 22

22. Which of the following are common causes of delirium? (SATA)
    A) Dehydration.
    B) Lung disease.
    C) Infection.
    D) Genetic disorders.
    E) Medication side effects.

Answer 22

A) Dehydration, B) Lung disease, C) Infection, E) Medication side effects.

Question 23

23. What should be monitored in patients with GBS during the acute phase?
    A) Vital signs and lung function.
    B) Blood sugar levels.
    C) Pain tolerance.
    D) Nutrition intake only.

Answer 23

A) Vital signs and lung function.

Question 24

24. What nursing intervention is crucial for delirium patients?
    A) Reorienting the patient frequently.
    B) Allowing unlimited stimuli.
    C) Restricting patient movement.
    D) Ignoring behavior changes.

Answer 24

A) Reorienting the patient frequently.

Question 25

25. In a case study, a patient with GBS shows facial weakness and difficulty swallowing. What is the nurse's immediate action? A) Test gag reflex and monitor for aspiration. B) Provide oral fluids only. C) Increase the patient's mobility. D) Administer sedatives.

Answer 25

A) Test gag reflex and monitor for aspiration.

Question 26

26. What is the most effective method to manage delirium in an elderly patient? A) Minimize environmental stimuli and provide frequent reorientation. B) Ignore the symptoms to allow for natural recovery. C) Administer sedatives immediately. D) Ensure the patient is isolated.

Answer 26

A) Minimize environmental stimuli and provide frequent reorientation.

Question 27

27. In GBS, when should the nurse consider the possibility of respiratory failure? A) When the patient develops severe weakness in the diaphragm. B) When the patient becomes agitated. C) When the patient is unable to swallow. D) If there is a fever.

Answer 27

A) When the patient develops severe weakness in the diaphragm.

Question 28

28. What is the goal in nursing care for a patient with GBS? A) Prevent complications like respiratory failure and immobility. B) Encourage complete bed rest. C) Avoid physical therapy. D) Increase activity without restriction.

Answer 28

A) Prevent complications like respiratory failure and immobility.

Question 29

29. What is a critical assessment when caring for a patient with delirium? A) Monitor for changes in orientation, cognition, and behavior. B) Focus on only physical changes. C) Administer medication first. D) Evaluate sensory function only.

Answer 29

A) Monitor for changes in orientation, cognition, and behavior.

Question 30

30. What is the primary concern when caring for a GBS patient with hypotension? A) Administering vasopressors and fluids to stabilize BP. B) Ignoring the BP reading. C) Offering a high-salt diet. D) Initiating aggressive physical therapy.

Answer 30

A) Administering vasopressors and fluids to stabilize BP.

Question 31

31. Which of the following are common treatments for GBS? A) Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). B) Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors. C) High-dose corticosteroids. D) Diuretics.

Answer 31

A) Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Question 32

32. What complications should be closely monitored in GBS patients? A) Respiratory failure and autonomic instability. B) Urinary tract infections. C) Hypertension. D) Chronic kidney disease.

Answer 32

A) Respiratory failure and autonomic instability.

Question 33

33. A GBS patient develops a new episode of tachycardia and hypertension. What is the nurse’s priority? A) Monitor and report vital signs, administer appropriate medications. B) Encourage the patient to rest. C) Increase fluid intake. D) Begin physical therapy immediately.

Answer 33

A) Monitor and report vital signs, administer appropriate medications.

Question 34

34. How should a nurse educate a GBS patient regarding mobility? A) Encourage gradual movement with support and assistance. B) Restrict all movement until full recovery. C) Avoid physical therapy. D) Let the patient move independently.

Answer 34

A) Encourage gradual movement with support and assistance.

Question 35

35. What is the first priority in managing delirium in a patient? A) Identifying and addressing the underlying cause. B) Restricting physical activity. C) Giving sedatives. D) Providing a quiet environment.

Answer 35

A) Identifying and addressing the underlying cause.

Question 36

36. What assessment is critical in monitoring for respiratory dysfunction in GBS? A) Vital capacity and ABGs. B) Muscle strength only. C) Reflex testing. D) Nutritional intake.

Answer 36

A) Vital capacity and ABGs.

Question 37

37. In GBS, when should a nurse assess for cranial nerve involvement? A) Regularly throughout the acute phase. B) Only if the patient complains of difficulty swallowing. C) Once a week. D) Only if vision changes occur.

Answer 37

A) Regularly throughout the acute phase.

Question 38

38. What should be done for a GBS patient with decreased gag reflex? A) Monitor for aspiration risk and offer soft foods. B) Encourage the patient to eat as normal. C) Increase fluid intake. D) Ignore this issue.

Answer 38

A) Monitor for aspiration risk and offer soft foods.

Question 39

39. What nursing intervention should be prioritized in GBS patients with pain? A) Provide appropriate pain management and assess pain level. B) Encourage the patient to endure pain. C) Administer sedatives. D) Ignore the complaint of pain.

Answer 39

A) Provide appropriate pain management and assess pain level.

Question 40

40. What is the first priority for a patient exhibiting symptoms of GBS? A) Airway and respiratory function assessment. B) Administering pain medications. C) Initiating physical therapy. D) Giving nutritional supplements.

Answer 40

A) Airway and respiratory function assessment.