gerd practice Flashcards
- What is GERD?
A) A syndrome characterized by reflux of stomach acid into the lower esophagus.
B) A syndrome characterized by chronic nausea.
C) A condition where food moves from the stomach into the large intestine.
D) A syndrome characterized by esophageal cancer.
A) A syndrome characterized by reflux of stomach acid into the lower esophagus.
- What is the primary factor in GERD?
A) Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing gastric contents to move into the esophagus.
B) Excessive production of stomach acid.
C) Reduced stomach acid production.
D) A viral infection affecting the digestive system.
A) Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing gastric contents to move into the esophagus.
- Which of the following are risk factors for GERD? (SATA)
A) Obesity.
B) NSAID use.
C) Smoking.
D) Vitamin D deficiency.
E) Hiatal hernia.
A) Obesity, B) NSAID use, C) Smoking, E) Hiatal hernia.
- What symptom frequency suggests GERD?
A) Mild symptoms once a week or severe symptoms twice a week.
B) Mild symptoms once a month.
C) Severe symptoms once a week.
D) Mild symptoms twice a month.
A) Mild symptoms once a week or severe symptoms twice a week.
- What is the most common symptom of GERD?
A) Heartburn.
B) Nausea.
C) Abdominal bloating.
D) Diarrhea.
A) Heartburn.
- What triggers heartburn in GERD?
A) Foods or drugs that decrease LES pressure or irritate esophageal mucosa.
B) Excessive water consumption.
C) High fiber foods.
D) Lack of sleep.
A) Foods or drugs that decrease LES pressure or irritate esophageal mucosa.
- How can GERD-related chest pain mimic angina?
A) It is described as burning, squeezing, and radiates to the back, neck, jaw, or arms.
B) It is a sharp, stabbing pain localized in the chest.
C) It is associated with shortness of breath.
D) It only occurs during exercise.
A) It is described as burning, squeezing, and radiates to the back, neck, jaw, or arms.
- What is dyspepsia?
A) Pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen.
B) Nausea after eating.
C) Chest tightness.
D) Pain in the lower abdomen.
A) Pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen.
- How is regurgitation described in GERD?
A) A hot, bitter, or sour liquid rising into the throat or mouth.
B) A sour taste that only occurs in the morning.
C) Sudden difficulty swallowing.
D) Chest pain after meals.
A) A hot, bitter, or sour liquid rising into the throat or mouth.
- What respiratory symptoms are associated with GERD?
A) Wheezing, coughing, dyspnea.
B) Chest tightness.
C) Shortness of breath while exercising.
D) Sleep apnea.
A) Wheezing, coughing, dyspnea.
- What otolaryngologic symptoms are associated with GERD?
A) Hoarseness, sore throat, globus sensation, hypersalivation, choking.
B) Loss of hearing.
C) Ringing in the ears.
D) Dry mouth.
A) Hoarseness, sore throat, globus sensation, hypersalivation, choking.
- Which lifestyle modification is key in managing GERD?
A) Avoiding triggers and elevating the head of bed.
B) Increasing salt intake.
C) Eating large meals before bed.
D) Consuming dairy products.
A) Avoiding triggers and elevating the head of bed.
- What is the recommended nutrition therapy for GERD?
A) Avoid foods that decrease LES pressure and irritate the esophagus.
B) Drink plenty of milk before bedtime.
C) Avoid all fruits.
D) Increase fat intake.
A) Avoid foods that decrease LES pressure and irritate the esophagus.
- When is surgical therapy considered for GERD?
A) For patients with complications like esophagitis, medication intolerance, or persistent severe symptoms.
B) After one episode of heartburn.
C) If the patient has occasional reflux only.
D) After a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
A) For patients with complications like esophagitis, medication intolerance, or persistent severe symptoms.
- What is the goal of surgical therapy for GERD?
A) To reduce reflux by enhancing LES integrity.
B) To remove damaged parts of the stomach.
C) To increase gastric acid production.
D) To promote quick weight loss.
A) To reduce reflux by enhancing LES integrity.
- What is Nissen fundoplication?
A) A procedure where the fundus of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to reinforce the LES.
B) A procedure to remove the stomach entirely.
C) A method to inject acid into the esophagus.
D) A surgery to bypass the stomach.
A) A procedure where the fundus of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to reinforce the LES.
- What is a common post-op symptom after fundoplication, and how should it be managed?
A) Mild dysphagia caused by edema, which should resolve within a month.
B) Severe constipation, requiring stool softeners.
C) Immediate weight gain.
D) Difficulty breathing.
A) Mild dysphagia caused by edema, which should resolve within a month.
- What is the LINX Reflux Management System?
A) A ring of small magnets that strengthens the LES to prevent reflux.
B) A stomach pump that eliminates reflux.
C) A procedure to remove the LES.
D) A medicine that blocks acid production.
A) A ring of small magnets that strengthens the LES to prevent reflux.
- What is a major restriction for patients with the LINX system?
A) They cannot undergo MRI because the device contains metal.
B) They must eat a low-salt diet.
C) They should avoid caffeine.
D) They need to exercise regularly.
A) They cannot undergo MRI because the device contains metal.
- Which of the following are endoscopic therapies for GERD?
A) Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and radiofrequency ablation.
B) Radiation therapy.
C) Liposuction.
D) Botox injections.
A) Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and radiofrequency ablation.
- How does radiofrequency ablation help GERD patients?
A) It uses heat energy to create lesions that thicken the LES.
B) It promotes acid secretion.
C) It removes damaged tissue from the esophagus.
D) It blocks nerve signals.
A) It uses heat energy to create lesions that thicken the LES.
- What is the dual purpose of EMR?
A) It can treat GERD and be used as a diagnostic test for cancer.
B) It can cure GERD and prevent esophageal cancer.
C) It only treats cancer.
D) It provides long-term pain relief.
A) It can treat GERD and be used as a diagnostic test for cancer.
- What is the first step in diagnosing GERD?
A) History and physical assessment.
B) Endoscopy only.
C) CT scan.
D) Surgery.
A) History and physical assessment.
- How do PPIs help in GERD management?
A) They decrease HCl acid secretion, reducing mucosal irritation.
B) They increase gastric acid production.
C) They neutralize stomach acid.
D) They help with motility.
A) They decrease HCl acid secretion, reducing mucosal irritation.
- What is the function of H2 receptor blockers in GERD treatment?
A) Block histamine action, decreasing HCl acid secretion and mucosal irritation.
B) Increase acid secretion.
C) Neutralize acid.
D) Enhance LES function.
A) Block histamine action, decreasing HCl acid secretion and mucosal irritation.
- How do antacids help in GERD management?
A) They neutralize HCl acid.
B) They reduce acid secretion.
C) They stimulate gastric acid production.
D) They increase LES pressure.
A) They neutralize HCl acid.
- Which of the following additional medications can be used for GERD? (SATA)
A) Cholinergic agents.
B) Cytoprotective agents.
C) Prokinetic agents.
D) Antihistamines.
E) Prostaglandin agents.
A) Cholinergic agents, B) Cytoprotective agents, C) Prokinetic agents, E) Prostaglandin agents.
- What lifestyle change is recommended for GERD management?
A) Limiting alcohol use.
B) Eating large meals before bed.
C) Avoiding physical activity.
D) Increasing smoking.
A) Limiting alcohol use.
- What are the common symptoms of GERD-related chest pain?
A) Burning, squeezing pain radiating to the neck, back, or arms.
B) Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest.
C) Continuous pain in the chest area.
D) Pain only after physical exertion.
A) Burning, squeezing pain radiating to the neck, back, or arms.
- What should be avoided in the diet of someone with GERD?
A) Chocolate and peppermint.
B) Bananas.
C) Oatmeal.
D) Chicken.
A) Chocolate and peppermint.
- Which of the following is associated with respiratory symptoms of GERD?
A) Wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea.
B) Headache.
C) Increased heart rate.
D) Chest tightness.
A) Wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea.
- What symptom is commonly associated with GERD-related otolaryngologic symptoms?
A) Hoarseness.
B) Hearing loss.
C) Tinnitus.
D) Earaches.
A) Hoarseness.
- How should GERD-related mild dysphagia be managed post-operatively?
A) It should resolve within the first month.
B) Continue with a normal diet.
C) Use liquid foods only indefinitely.
D) Administer sedatives.
A) It should resolve within the first month.
- What is a complication of untreated GERD that may require surgery?
A) Barrett’s esophagus.
B) Constipation.
C) Chronic diarrhea.
D) Urinary retention.
A) Barrett’s esophagus.
- What is the effect of prokinetic agents in GERD management?
A) They improve gastric motility.
B) They neutralize stomach acid.
C) They block histamine receptors.
D) They increase LES pressure.
A) They improve gastric motility.
- What diagnostic test can be used to evaluate esophageal motility in GERD?
A) Manometry studies.
B) Endoscopy.
C) Colonoscopy.
D) MRI.
A) Manometry studies.
- What is the role of cytoprotective agents in GERD?
A) They protect the gastric mucosa from damage.
B) They increase stomach acid production.
C) They enhance LES pressure.
D) They promote digestion.
A) They protect the gastric mucosa from damage.
- Which type of foods should be avoided by GERD patients? (SATA)
A) Fatty foods.
B) Tomato-based products.
C) Coffee.
D) Fruits.
E) Spicy foods.
A) Fatty foods, B) Tomato-based products, C) Coffee, E) Spicy foods.
- How does GERD affect the quality of sleep?
A) It may cause nocturnal wheezing, coughing, or regurgitation.
B) It leads to excessive daytime sleepiness.
C) It increases time spent in deep sleep.
D) It causes insomnia due to anxiety.
A) It may cause nocturnal wheezing, coughing, or regurgitation.
- What is the main symptom relief method for GERD?
A) Antacids and PPIs.
B) Increased fluid intake.
C) Regular exercise.
D) Avoiding food.
A) Antacids and PPIs.
