diabetes Flashcards
What causes Type 1 diabetes?
The body develops antibodies against insulin or pancreatic beta cells, leading to inadequate insulin production.
What are the classic signs and symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?
Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, weakness, and fatigue.
Why does weight loss occur in Type 1 diabetes?
The body cannot use sugar for energy, so it breaks down fat and muscle for fuel.
What dietary guidelines should be followed for Type 1 diabetes?
Avoid saturated/trans fats, avoid alcohol, and choose complex over simple carbohydrates.
What should be taught about exercise in Type 1 diabetes?
Exercise is encouraged, but patients should bring a snack to prevent hypoglycemia.
How should glucose levels be monitored?
Use a glucometer or continuous glucose sensor and log results to track trends.
Why is medication adherence important for Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin is necessary for survival, as the body does not produce enough on its own.
What vaccinations are recommended for patients with Type 1 diabetes?
Routine vaccinations, including flu and pneumococcal vaccines, to prevent infections.
Why should a medical alert bracelet be worn?
To inform others of the condition in case of an emergency.
What is carb counting, and why is it important?
A method to tailor insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake.
What glucose level confirms a hyperglycemic crisis or diabetes diagnosis without further testing?
A random plasma glucose level over 200 mg/dL with clear symptoms.
What are the diagnostic criteria requiring repeat testing for Type 1 diabetes?
A1C over 6.5%, fasting glucose over 126 mg/dL, or a 2-hour plasma glucose over 200 mg/dL.
What is the main treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
Exogenous insulin via multiple daily injections or a continuous insulin pump.
What causes Type 2 diabetes?
A combination of inadequate insulin secretion and insulin resistance, meaning the body does not make enough insulin, does not use it effectively, or both.
What are common signs and symptoms of Type 2 diabetes?
Fatigue, recurrent infections, recurrent vaginal yeast or candida infections, prolonged wound healing, retinopathy, and possible polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
Why do Type 2 diabetes patients experience fatigue?
The body cannot properly use sugar for energy.
Why are infections common in Type 2 diabetes?
High blood sugar levels weaken the immune system and promote bacterial and fungal growth.
Why does wound healing take longer in Type 2 diabetes?
Vascular damage impairs circulation, slowing down the healing process.
What dietary guidelines should Type 2 diabetes patients follow?
Avoid saturated/trans fats, avoid alcohol, and choose complex over simple carbohydrates.
What should be taught about exercise in Type 2 diabetes?
Exercise helps with glucose control, but patients should bring a snack to prevent hypoglycemia.
How should glucose levels be monitored in Type 2 diabetes?
Use a glucometer or continuous glucose sensor and log results to track trends.
Why is medication adherence important for Type 2 diabetes?
Proper medication use helps manage blood sugar levels and prevent complications.
What vaccinations are recommended for Type 2 diabetes patients?
Routine vaccinations, including flu and pneumococcal vaccines, to reduce infection risk.
Why should a medical alert bracelet be worn?
To inform others of the condition in case of an emergency.
