dialysis Flashcards
What is hemodialysis?
Blood is drawn out of the body, filtered through a machine, and clean blood is returned.
How often is hemodialysis performed?
3 times per week, for about 3 hours.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
Dialysate enters the peritoneum, soaks up waste products while dwelling, and is drained and replaced with clean fluid.
How often is peritoneal dialysis performed?
Daily, either throughout the day or overnight.
How should an AV fistula be assessed?
Check for thrill and bruit.
What precautions should be taken for an AV fistula?
Label the AV fistula extremity for no procedures.
What aspects should be monitored in hemodialysis patients?
Fluid status, vascular access condition, and vitals.
How should hypotension/hypovolemia in hemodialysis patients be treated?
With isotonic infusions.
What vaccine should be administered to hemodialysis patients?
Hepatitis B vaccine.
What should be assessed in peritoneal dialysis patients?
Catheter site and effluent for signs of infection.
What technique should be taught for peritoneal dialysis catheter care?
Aseptic technique.
How are bacterial infections in peritoneal dialysis treated?
With antibiotics.
How can peritoneal dialysis infection treatment be determined?
By obtaining an effluent culture.
How can lower back pain in peritoneal dialysis patients be managed?
Offer pain relief.
How can breathing be improved in peritoneal dialysis patients?
Elevate the head of the bed, encourage spirometry, and reposition the patient.
What are common complications of hemodialysis?
Hypotension due to hypovolemia, muscle cramps, blood loss, hepatitis from unscreened blood transfusions.
What are common complications of peritoneal dialysis?
Exit site infection (usually Staph.), peritonitis, hernias, lower back problems, bleeding, pulmonary complications, protein loss, constipation.
What are signs of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients?
Distended, rigid abdomen; occurs when an infection crosses into the peritoneum.
What causes hernias in peritoneal dialysis patients?
Increased intraabdominal pressure.
What pulmonary complications can arise from peritoneal dialysis?
Repeated upward displacement of the diaphragm.
What is a normal finding in peritoneal dialysis effluent during initial exchanges?
Presence of blood (normal at first; persistent bleeding indicates intraperitoneal bleeding).
How does protein loss occur in peritoneal dialysis?
It is absorbed by the dialysate.
How does constipation affect peritoneal dialysis?
It can impact filling and dwelling of the dialysate.
