gastritis and ibs Flashcards
What is gastritis?
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
What are the two types of gastritis?
Acute and Chronic gastritis.
What causes gastritis?
Breakdown of the normal gastric mucosal barrier, allowing HCl acid and pepsin to diffuse back into the mucosa, leading to tissue edema, capillary disruption, and possible bleeding.
What are the symptoms of acute gastritis?
- Anorexia - Nausea & vomiting (N/V) - Epigastric tenderness - Feeling of fullness - GI bleeding (often associated with alcohol use)
How long does acute gastritis last?
A few hours to a few days; self-limiting with complete mucosal healing.
What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis?
Some patients are asymptomatic, but if parietal cells are lost due to atrophy, intrinsic factor is also lost, leading to cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency.
What nursing interventions are needed for acute gastritis with vomiting?
- Rest, NPO status, IV fluids if prescribed - Monitor for dehydration - NG tube may be used to: 1) Monitor for bleeding 2) Lavage precipitating agents from the stomach 3) Keep stomach empty and free of noxious stimuli
How should diet be resumed after acute gastritis?
- Start with clear fluids when symptoms subside - Gradually reintroduce solids
What should be monitored in a patient at risk for GI bleeding?
- Vital signs frequently - Test vomitus for blood
What is the focus of nursing care for chronic gastritis?
Identify and eliminate the specific cause, such as alcohol use or certain drugs.
What lifestyle changes may be necessary for a patient with chronic gastritis?
- Adapt to dietary modifications - Strict adherence to prescribed drug regimens
What diet is recommended for some patients with chronic gastritis?
A non-irritating diet consisting of 6 small meals per day.
How is acute gastritis diagnosed?
Based on patient symptoms and the presence of risk factors.
What tests are done to check for H. pylori infection in gastritis?
Breath, urine, serum, stool, and gastric tissue biopsy tests.
What lab test can indicate anemia in gastritis?
Complete blood count (CBC) may show anemia from blood loss or lack of intrinsic factor.
What tests are done to check for blood in the stool?
Stool testing for occult blood.
What blood tests may be done for chronic gastritis?
Serum tests for intrinsic factor and antibodies to parietal cells.
What diagnostic test is used to rule out gastric cancer?
Tissue biopsy.
What is the main goal of drug therapy for gastritis?
To reduce gastric mucosal irritation and provide symptomatic relief.
What medication classes are commonly prescribed for gastritis?
- H2 receptor blockers (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine) - Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (e.g., omeprazole, pantoprazole)
How do PPIs and H2 receptor blockers help in gastritis?
They reduce gastric HCl acid secretion, allowing the mucosa to heal.
What is IBS?
A chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel patterns with no known cause.
What factors can trigger IBS symptoms?
Psychologic stressors and FODMAP foods (fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols).
What foods are high in FODMAPs?
- Wheat, rye - Certain fruits (apples, pears) - Certain vegetables (onions, garlic, cauliflower) - Legumes, nuts - Milk products - Honey, corn syrup - Artificial sweeteners
What are the main symptoms of IBS?
- Abdominal distention - Nausea - Flatulence - Bloating - Urgency - Mucus in stool - Sensation of incomplete evacuation
What are some non-GI symptoms of IBS?
- Fatigue - Headache - Sleep problems
What dietary advice should be given to a patient with IBS?
- Review FODMAP foods to identify triggers - Yogurt and probiotics may improve symptoms - Avoid gas-producing foods (broccoli, cabbage)
What dietary advice is recommended for IBS-C (constipation-predominant IBS)?
Encourage a high-fiber diet to promote soft, painless bowel movements.
Is there a single effective treatment for IBS?
No, treatment is individualized and includes: - Psychologic support - Dietary and lifestyle changes - Medications to regulate stool output and reduce discomfort
What lifestyle modifications help manage IBS?
- Keeping a symptom, diet, and stress diary - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) & stress management - Regular exercise to help reduce bloating, constipation, and stress-related symptoms
How is IBS diagnosed?
Based on symptoms and patient history (H&P).
What criteria are used to diagnose IBS?
Rome IV criteria, which require: - Abdominal pain and/or discomfort at least 1 day per week for 3 months AND 2 or more of the following: 1) Pain related to defecation 2) Change in stool frequency 3) Change in stool form
What are the different subtypes of IBS?
- IBS-C (constipation-predominant) - IBS-D (diarrhea-predominant) - IBS-M (mixed type) - IBS-U (unclassified subtype)
What medications help manage IBS symptoms?
Antidepressants and antispasmodic agents.
How do antidepressants and antispasmodic agents help in IBS?
They decrease GI motility and smooth muscle spasms, reducing pain and diarrhea.
