cirrhosis and cholecystitis practice Flashcards
What is cirrhosis?
A) A type of liver cancer
B) End-stage liver disease with degeneration, fibrosis, and regenerative nodules
C) A viral infection of the liver
D) Inflammation of the gallbladder
B) End-stage liver disease with degeneration, fibrosis, and regenerative nodules
What are common causes of cirrhosis?
A) Hepatitis B
B) Chronic HCV infection, NASH, alcohol-induced liver disease, malnutrition, malabsorption, extreme dieting, obesity
C) Gallstones
D) Hypertension
B) Chronic HCV infection, NASH, alcohol-induced liver disease, malnutrition, malabsorption, extreme dieting, obesity
What is cardiac cirrhosis?
A) Liver failure due to cancer
B) Liver damage from right-sided heart failure
C) Liver inflammation from fatty foods
D) A genetic form of cirrhosis
B) Liver damage from right-sided heart failure
How does cirrhosis affect liver function?
A) Liver produces excessive bile
B) Liver function improves as it regenerates
C) Poor regeneration, hypoxia, and malnutrition lead to decreased liver function
D) Liver stops producing albumin
C) Poor regeneration, hypoxia, and malnutrition lead to decreased liver function
What are early symptoms of cirrhosis?
A) Fatigue, enlarged liver
B) Jaundice, bleeding
C) Abdominal pain, fever
D) Severe weight loss, vomiting
A) Fatigue, enlarged liver
What are late symptoms of cirrhosis?
A) Jaundice, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, coagulation issues
B) Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough
C) Nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating
D) Dehydration, weight gain, hypertension
A) Jaundice, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, coagulation issues
What causes jaundice in cirrhosis?
A) Increased production of bilirubin
B) The liver’s inability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin
C) Excessive red blood cell destruction
D) Decreased intake of vitamin K
B) The liver’s inability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin
What are the skin manifestations of cirrhosis?
A) Rashes, pimples
B) Spider angiomas and palmar erythema
C) Bruising and hives
D) Yellowing of the skin and nails
B) Spider angiomas and palmar erythema
Why do cirrhosis patients develop endocrine problems?
A) Liver damage prevents steroid hormone metabolism, increasing estrogen levels
B) Hormones are excreted by the liver
C) Liver failure causes increased testosterone
D) Decreased vitamin D synthesis by the liver
A) Liver damage prevents steroid hormone metabolism, increasing estrogen levels
What are endocrine-related symptoms in men with cirrhosis?
A) Amenorrhea, increased body hair
B) Gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, loss of libido
C) Erectile dysfunction, increased testosterone
D) Menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness
B) Gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, loss of libido
What are endocrine-related symptoms in women with cirrhosis?
A) Breast tenderness, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding
B) Oligomenorrhea, increased libido
C) Increased body hair, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding
D) Excessive menstrual bleeding, weight gain
A) Breast tenderness, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding
What electrolyte imbalance occurs in cirrhosis?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hyperaldosteronism causing sodium and water retention, potassium loss
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperaldosteronism causing sodium and water retention, potassium loss
What is the recommended dietary restriction for ascites in cirrhosis?
A) Low-sodium diet
B) High-fat diet
C) High-protein diet
D) Low-fiber diet
A) Low-sodium diet
What treatments are used for ascites?
A) Diuretics and paracentesis
B) Chemotherapy and radiation
C) Antibiotics
D) Insulin therapy
A) Diuretics and paracentesis
Why should cirrhosis patients avoid hepatotoxic drugs?
A) The liver cannot metabolize these drugs effectively
B) They cause immediate liver failure
C) They increase bilirubin levels
D) They prevent nutrient absorption
A) The liver cannot metabolize these drugs effectively
Why should patients with esophageal or gastric varices avoid NSAIDs?
A) They can lead to increased bleeding risk
B) They can reduce stomach acid
C) They increase liver enzyme levels
D) They reduce the effectiveness of blood thinners
A) They can lead to increased bleeding risk
Which actions can increase the risk of variceal hemorrhage?
A) Sleeping
B) Coughing, sneezing, retching, vomiting, straining at stool
C) Eating large meals
D) Drinking water
B) Coughing, sneezing, retching, vomiting, straining at stool
What are medical treatments for esophageal and gastric varices?
A) Blood transfusions
B) Endoscopic band ligation, sclerotherapy, balloon tamponade, TIPS
C) Liver transplant
D) Chemotherapy
B) Endoscopic band ligation, sclerotherapy, balloon tamponade, TIPS
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cirrhosis?
A) Ultrasound
B) MRI
C) Liver biopsy
D) CT scan
C) Liver biopsy
Which diagnostic tests are key for cirrhosis?
A) Liver function tests, serum albumin, electrolytes, PT time, CBC, liver ultrasound (FibroScan), endoscopy, CT scan, MRI
B) Electrocardiogram
C) Abdominal X-ray
D) Complete blood count only
A) Liver function tests, serum albumin, electrolytes, PT time, CBC, liver ultrasound (FibroScan), endoscopy, CT scan, MRI
How do liver enzyme levels change in cirrhosis?
A) Initially high due to inflammation, may normalize in end-stage disease
B) They decrease significantly
C) They are unaffected
D) They fluctuate constantly
A) Initially high due to inflammation, may normalize in end-stage disease
What medications are prescribed for cirrhosis?
A) Nonselective β-blockers (propranolol), octreotide, vasopressin
B) Steroids
C) Antihypertensives
D) Antibiotics for liver infection
A) Nonselective β-blockers (propranolol), octreotide, vasopressin
What drug therapies are used for hepatic encephalopathy?
A) Rifaximin and lactulose
B) Diuretics and sedatives
C) Antibiotics and antivirals
D) Immunosuppressants
A) Rifaximin and lactulose
What is cholecystitis?
A) Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually due to gallstones
B) Inflammation of the liver
C) Infection of the pancreas
D) Inflammation of the stomach lining
A) Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually due to gallstones
