Section 7 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the cerebral peduncle?

A

the tegmentum and the crus cerebri

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2
Q

rostrally the midbrain merges with the ___

A

thalamus

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3
Q

the boundary between the midbrain and the diencephalon is marked by the ___

A

posterior commisure

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4
Q

the posterior comiisure forms a bridge between

A

the prectatal areas on each side of the brain stem

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5
Q

What can damage the posterior commisure?

A

Pinealoma

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6
Q

Symptoms of a tumor of the pineal gland

A
  1. can’t make upward eye movements
  2. puts pressure on prectal area –> block the pupillary light reflex –> fixed dilated pupils
  3. hydrocephalus if obstructing the cerebral aqeudct
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7
Q

what is the vertical gaze center in the prectal area?

A

the intersitial nucleus in the pretectum

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8
Q

what can cause deficits with upward gaze?

A
  1. damage to the nculeus of cajal (vertical gaze center)
  2. damage to the posterior commisure (because axons of Nucleus of Cajal pass through here)
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9
Q

What is INC?

What sx would you get with a X here?

A

Interstial gaze center (Nucleus of Cajal)

can’t do an upward gaze

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10
Q

the lateral lemniscus travels to the ____

A

inferior colliculus

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11
Q

Where do the fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle cross?

A

at the level of the midbrain at the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

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12
Q

a lesion of the dorsal tegmentum in the midbrain may imapir

A

propathic (ALS) and epicritic (MLS) from the opposite side of the body and face

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13
Q

where in the thalamus do axons from the superior cerebellar peduncle travel to?

A

VA and VL

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14
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract originate?

A

the red nucleus

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15
Q

Where does the red nucleus project to inth e thalamus?

A

VA and VL

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16
Q

Nuclei in the midbrain

A
  1. the trochlear nucleus
  2. occulomotor nucleus
17
Q

the periaqeudctal gray surrounds the ____

A

cerebral aqeduct

18
Q

Function of the periaqueductal gray?

A

important for:

  1. intiating some sterotyped emotional behaviors (rage)
  2. controlling the perception of pain
19
Q

why is the substantia nigra black?

A

because the dopamergic neurons produce melanin

20
Q

Why do loss of dopamergic neurons in the substantia nigra cause parkinsons?

A

because there is a loss of input to the striatum

21
Q

where do the dopamergic neurons in the reticular formation of the midbrain project to?

A

the cerebral cortex and to the limbic structures of the forebrain

22
Q

What cholinergic neurons are important for regualting the sleep wake cycle?

A

the cholinergic neurons at the pons mibdrian junction

23
Q

What damage in the midbrain can cause coma

A

X to the rostral region of the reticular formation

-(cholinergic neurons at the pons and midbrain)

24
Q

what does the basal ncuelus of meynert do?

A

modulates cortical function

25
where is the basal nculeus of meynert located?
deep to the anterior eprforated substance
26
what is the basal nculeus of meynert implicated in?
in alzheimers disease
27
trochlear nerve innervates the ___ muscle
superior oblique
28
how to sx trochlear nerve palsy
if pt looked nasally.. 1. / they couldn't look down from that position 2. would also have double vision here in this positon
29
\_\_\_\_ innervates the levator palpebrae muscle
occulomotor nerve
30
the Edinger-Westphal nucleus contains preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that project to the \_\_\_\_\_\_
ciliary ganglion.
31
EW to cicilary ganglion pathway is repsonsible for
1. pupillary constriction 2. thickening of the lens accomdation with convergence of the pupils
32
what does damage to the edinger westphal nucleus look like?
1. eye is fixed and deviated outward 2. the downward lid droops 3. pupil is dialted 4. pupil is unresponsive to light be shown in the eye