Section 7 Notes

Question 1

What makes up the cerebral peduncle?

Answer 1

the tegmentum and the crus cerebri

Question 2

rostrally the midbrain merges with the ___

Answer 2

thalamus

Question 3

the boundary between the midbrain and the diencephalon is marked by the ___

Answer 3

posterior commisure

Question 4

the posterior comiisure forms a bridge between

Answer 4

the prectatal areas on each side of the brain stem

Question 5

What can damage the posterior commisure?

Answer 5

Pinealoma

Question 6

Symptoms of a tumor of the pineal gland

Answer 6

1. can’t make upward eye movements
2. puts pressure on prectal area –> block the pupillary light reflex –> fixed dilated pupils
3. hydrocephalus if obstructing the cerebral aqeudct

Question 7

what is the vertical gaze center in the prectal area?

Answer 7

the intersitial nucleus in the pretectum

Question 8

what can cause deficits with upward gaze?

Answer 8

1. damage to the nculeus of cajal (vertical gaze center)
2. damage to the posterior commisure (because axons of Nucleus of Cajal pass through here)

Question 9

What is INC?

What sx would you get with a X here?

Answer 9

Interstial gaze center (Nucleus of Cajal)

can’t do an upward gaze

Question 10

the lateral lemniscus travels to the ____

Answer 10

inferior colliculus

Question 11

Where do the fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle cross?

Answer 11

at the level of the midbrain at the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 12

a lesion of the dorsal tegmentum in the midbrain may imapir

Answer 12

propathic (ALS) and epicritic (MLS) from the opposite side of the body and face

Question 13

where in the thalamus do axons from the superior cerebellar peduncle travel to?

Answer 13

VA and VL

Question 14

where does the rubrospinal tract originate?

Answer 14

the red nucleus

Question 15

Where does the red nucleus project to inth e thalamus?

Answer 15

VA and VL

Question 16

Nuclei in the midbrain

Answer 16

1. the trochlear nucleus
2. occulomotor nucleus

Question 17

the periaqeudctal gray surrounds the ____

Answer 17

cerebral aqeduct

Question 18

Function of the periaqueductal gray?

Answer 18

important for:

1. intiating some sterotyped emotional behaviors (rage)
2. controlling the perception of pain

Question 19

why is the substantia nigra black?

Answer 19

because the dopamergic neurons produce melanin

Question 20

Why do loss of dopamergic neurons in the substantia nigra cause parkinsons?

Answer 20

because there is a loss of input to the striatum

Question 21

where do the dopamergic neurons in the reticular formation of the midbrain project to?

Answer 21

the cerebral cortex and to the limbic structures of the forebrain

Question 22

What cholinergic neurons are important for regualting the sleep wake cycle?

Answer 22

the cholinergic neurons at the pons mibdrian junction

Question 23

What damage in the midbrain can cause coma

Answer 23

X to the rostral region of the reticular formation

-(cholinergic neurons at the pons and midbrain)

Question 24

what does the basal ncuelus of meynert do?

Answer 24

modulates cortical function

Question 25

where is the basal nculeus of meynert located?

Answer 25

deep to the anterior eprforated substance

Question 26

what is the basal nculeus of meynert implicated in?

Answer 26

in alzheimers disease

Question 27

trochlear nerve innervates the ___ muscle

Answer 27

superior oblique

Question 28

how to sx trochlear nerve palsy

Answer 28

if pt looked nasally..

1. / they couldn’t look down from that position
2. would also have double vision here in this positon

Question 29

____ innervates the levator palpebrae muscle

Answer 29

occulomotor nerve

Question 30

the Edinger-Westphal nucleus contains preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that project to the ______

Answer 30

ciliary ganglion.

Question 31

EW to cicilary ganglion pathway is repsonsible for

Answer 31

1. pupillary constriction
2. thickening of the lens

accomdation with convergence of the pupils

Question 32

what does damage to the edinger westphal nucleus look like?

Answer 32

1. eye is fixed and deviated outward
2. the downward lid droops
3. pupil is dialted
4. pupil is unresponsive to light be shown in the eye