Section 3 Notes Flashcards by brittany gouse

Type of information carried by the Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal System?

epicritic somatosensory information (touch, pressure, joint position sense, vibration sense)

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Gracile fasciulus carries information from the ____

middle thoracic and lower limbs (epicritic in DML and proprioceptive in D. Spinocerebellar)

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The cuneate fascilus is not present below the ____ spinal cord

mid throacic

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____funciulus carries dorsal or posteriro column axons

dorsal

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Type of info carried by the anterolateral system?

PROTOPATHIC - opposite side: pain and temp, touch, pressre

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Anterolateral System carries information from the ____ side of the body

opposite

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the ANTEROLATERAL system is made up of ___ ____ and ____ axons

spinoreticular, spinotectal, and spinothalamic

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What system carries touch and pressure ipsilaterally?

dorsal column system

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What system carries touch and pressure contralaterally?

anterolateral cell column (this is less discrete than dorsal column system)

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dissociated sensory loss is a symptom of dmaage to the ____

spinal cord pain and temp is on one side, fien touch, vibration, and joint position on another

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the ____ system regulates movement and does not normally contribute to our conscious perception of limb position

spinocerebellar

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the Spinocerebellar system carries ____ information

proprioceptive from muscles and joints (to coordinate muscle activity during movement)

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The dorsal spinocerebellar tract icarries proprioceptive information from the ____

lower half of the body

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proprioceptive info. from lower limbs acends in the ____ before synapsing in Clarkes n.

gracile fascilus

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____ synapses in Clarke’s nucleus

proprioceptive info. from lower half of the body

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the dorsal spinocerebellar tract carries proprioceptive info on the ____ side of the body

same

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dorsal spinocerbellar tracts terminates in the ____

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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cuneocerebellar tract terminates in the _____

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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what is carried by the cuneate fasciulus?

from the lower half of the body:

epicritic (DML)
proprioceptive (dorsal spinocerebellar)

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from the cuneate fascilus, synapse in the ___ nucleus

accessory cuneate

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ventral spinocerebellar tract arises from neurons in the____

intermediate gray

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the ____ spinocerebellar tract crosses in the anterior white commissure

ventral, *BUT THEY RECROSS

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the ventral spinocerebellar tract terminates in the

superior cerebellar peduncle

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the spino olivary axons carry ___ information

proprioceptive

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the spinoolivary axons terminate in the

inferior olivary n.

the pyramidal tract arises from the

cerebral cortex

the pyramidal tract splits at the \_\_\_\_

caudal most medulla

Corticospinal axons originating from neurons in the motor cortex terminate particularly in the more _____ portions of the intermediate gray,

lateral

The axons of the pyramidal tract that cross cross at the \_\_\_\_

pyramidal decussation (they then form the lateral corticospinal tract)

Corticospinal axons from sensory cortex terminate in the ______ and modulate sensory input.

dorsal horn

Pyramidal tract that does not cross

anterior corticospinal tract

the lateral corticospinal tract concerned particularly with\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_

discrete individual digit movements and distal motor control.

The ventral corticospinal tract is more concerned with ___ and \_\_\_\_

axial and proximal muscular movement

brainstem spinal tracts involved in distal muscle control

rubrospinal

The pathways involved in proximal motor control run more medially or ventrally in the spinal cord ?

medially

origin of rubrospinal

red nucelus

origin of vestibulospinal

vestibular n.

origin of reticulospinal

retiuclar formation

from the ___ system enters the spinal cord as large diameter dorsal root axons

dorsal coilumn/medial lemniscus

Direct Descending tracts (have direct contact to cortex)

Corticospinal Tract (Spinal cord motor neurons) Corticobulbar Tract (Brainstem cranial nerve nuclei) Corticopontine Tract (Cerebellum) Cortico-rubro-olivary Tract (Cerebellum)

Indirect Descending tracts (extrapyramidal)

Tectospinal Tract Reticulospinal Tract Vestibulospinal Tract Rubrospinal Tract

UMN signs

Hyperreflexia Hypertonia Positive Babinski

LMN signs

Hyporeflexia Hypotonia Negative Babinski Muscle Atrophy Fasciculations

acensding tract that brings proprioceptive ifno from turnk and limbs

spinocerebellar

cuneate fasciulus

carries epicritc from DML and dorsal spinocerebellar

The motor cortex projects to the ___ pathways

1. direct pyramidal 2. indirect -- brainstem pathways (also projects to the basal ganglia)

how does the basal ganglia controls both the direct and indirect pathways?

via projections of the GP to the VA and VL in the thalamus and then back to the mtoor and premotor cortex

if lesion of the spunal cord, which side is it on?

same side unless pain and temp loss

brainstem X, it will be on the same side as the ___ sx

most rostral since the most rostal sx will cause damage to the cranial nerve nucleus

brainstem X, it will be on the opposite side as the ___ sx

descending sx

if forebrain X the sx will be

opposite the lesion

if cerebellum X the pathology will be on the ___ side

same

in what state is msucles noramlly?

they are never totally relaxed (this is normal tone)

muscle tone is maintained by what factors

1.sensry neuons form msucle spindle 2. corticospinal and inidrect pathways (maintain baseline excitcity)

When the resting contraction of the muscle is less than normal, the tone is called \_\_\_\_

“hypotonic”

axons from the ___ of each retina cross

nasal (temporal visual field)

the optic tract wraps around the

thalamus and the crus cerebri

pathways of optic tracts

1. to lgn in thalamus 2. in the brahcium of the superior colliclus to terminate on the pretectal area 3. superior colliculus

Axons carrying information about the upper half of the visual field pass ____ and terminate in the \_\_\_\_

pass deep to the cortex of the temporal lobe and terminate in the calcarine sulcus

carrying information about the lower half of the visual field pass deep to the ____ lobe

parietal

axons carrying information about the lower half of the visual terminate in the cortex forming the

superior bank of the calcarine sulcus or the cuneaus gyrus

the \_\_\_\_\_ this pathway governs long-term reactions to light, e.g., resetting daily biological rhythms, detecting seasonal changes in light.

Hypothalamus

the pretectal nuclei are interconnected via the\_\_\_\_

posterior commissure

he pretectal nucleus functions like a \_\_\_\_

light meter It receives bilateral input from the two eyes and it contains cells that calculate the total light energy entering the eye.

Edinger-Westphal nucleus is the ___ component of IIII nucleus

parasympathetic

function of pregnaglionic EQ axons

project with CN IIII to contrisct pupil

CN 8 terminates in \_\_\_\_

the dorsal and ventral cochlear n.

the dorsal and ventral cochlear n. lie in the

inferior cerebellar peducnle

second order neurons arise in the cochlear nuclei, and project to several nuclei, and to both sides of the brain crossing mainly in the

trapezoid body in the caudal PONS

projections of cochlear nulcie are

1. superior olive 2. other nuclei like nuclei of trapezoid body, nucleus of lateral lameniscus etc

Much of the lateral lemniscus terminates in the

inferior colliculus.

No matter what ncueli the cochlear n. project to, all ifnromation ends up in the

lateral leniscus

The inferior colliculus in turn projects to the \_\_\_

MGN by the inferior bracium of the inferior colliculus

MGN projects auditory ifnromation to

heschls gyrus

earliest level of bilateral miing of information from the two years

second order neurons (after the cochlear ncueli)

the left Heschl’s gyrus receives projections from the right Heschl’s gyrus through the

corpus callosum