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Neuroanatomy Lab > Section 3 Notes > Flashcards

Section 3 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Type of information carried by the Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal System?

A

epicritic somatosensory information (touch, pressure, joint position sense, vibration sense)

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2
Q

Gracile fasciulus carries information from the ____

A

middle thoracic and lower limbs (epicritic in DML and proprioceptive in D. Spinocerebellar)

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3
Q

The cuneate fascilus is not present below the ____ spinal cord

A

mid throacic

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4
Q

____funciulus carries dorsal or posteriro column axons

A

dorsal

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5
Q

Type of info carried by the anterolateral system?

A

PROTOPATHIC - opposite side: pain and temp, touch, pressre

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6
Q

Anterolateral System carries information from the ____ side of the body

A

opposite

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7
Q

the ANTEROLATERAL system is made up of ___ ____ and ____ axons

A

spinoreticular, spinotectal, and spinothalamic

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8
Q

What system carries touch and pressure ipsilaterally?

A

dorsal column system

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9
Q

What system carries touch and pressure contralaterally?

A

anterolateral cell column (this is less discrete than dorsal column system)

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10
Q

dissociated sensory loss is a symptom of dmaage to the ____

A

spinal cord pain and temp is on one side, fien touch, vibration, and joint position on another

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11
Q

the ____ system regulates movement and does not normally contribute to our conscious perception of limb position

A

spinocerebellar

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12
Q

the Spinocerebellar system carries ____ information

A

proprioceptive from muscles and joints (to coordinate muscle activity during movement)

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13
Q

The dorsal spinocerebellar tract icarries proprioceptive information from the ____

A

lower half of the body

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14
Q

proprioceptive info. from lower limbs acends in the ____ before synapsing in Clarkes n.

A

gracile fascilus

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15
Q

____ synapses in Clarke’s nucleus

A

proprioceptive info. from lower half of the body

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16
Q

the dorsal spinocerebellar tract carries proprioceptive info on the ____ side of the body

A

same

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17
Q

dorsal spinocerbellar tracts terminates in the ____

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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18
Q

cuneocerebellar tract terminates in the _____

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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19
Q

what is carried by the cuneate fasciulus?

A

from the lower half of the body:

  1. epicritic (DML)
  2. proprioceptive (dorsal spinocerebellar)
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20
Q

from the cuneate fascilus, synapse in the ___ nucleus

A

accessory cuneate

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21
Q

ventral spinocerebellar tract arises from neurons in the____

A

intermediate gray

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22
Q

the ____ spinocerebellar tract crosses in the anterior white commissure

A

ventral, *BUT THEY RECROSS

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23
Q

the ventral spinocerebellar tract terminates in the

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

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24
Q

the spino olivary axons carry ___ information

A

proprioceptive

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25
Q

the spinoolivary axons terminate in the

A

inferior olivary n.

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26
Q

the pyramidal tract arises from the

A

cerebral cortex

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27
Q

the pyramidal tract splits at the ____

A

caudal most medulla

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28
Q

Corticospinal axons originating from neurons in the motor cortex terminate particularly in the more _____ portions of the intermediate gray,

A

lateral

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29
Q

The axons of the pyramidal tract that cross cross at the ____

A

pyramidal decussation (they then form the lateral corticospinal tract)

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30
Q

Corticospinal axons from sensory cortex terminate in the ______ and modulate sensory input.

A

dorsal horn

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31
Q

Pyramidal tract that does not cross

A

anterior corticospinal tract

32
Q

the lateral corticospinal tract concerned particularly with____ and ____

A

discrete individual digit movements and distal motor control.

33
Q

The ventral corticospinal tract is more concerned with ___ and ____

A

axial and proximal muscular movement

34
Q

brainstem spinal tracts involved in distal muscle control

A

rubrospinal

35
Q

The pathways involved in proximal motor control run more medially or ventrally in the spinal cord ?

A

medially

36
Q

origin of rubrospinal

A

red nucelus

37
Q

origin of vestibulospinal

A

vestibular n.

38
Q

origin of reticulospinal

A

retiuclar formation

39
Q

from the ___ system enters the spinal cord as large diameter dorsal root axons

A

dorsal coilumn/medial lemniscus

40
Q

Direct Descending tracts (have direct contact to cortex)

A

Corticospinal Tract (Spinal cord motor neurons) Corticobulbar Tract (Brainstem cranial nerve nuclei) Corticopontine Tract (Cerebellum) Cortico-rubro-olivary Tract (Cerebellum)

41
Q

Indirect Descending tracts (extrapyramidal)

A

Tectospinal Tract Reticulospinal Tract Vestibulospinal Tract Rubrospinal Tract

42
Q

UMN signs

A

Hyperreflexia Hypertonia Positive Babinski

43
Q

LMN signs

A

Hyporeflexia Hypotonia Negative Babinski Muscle Atrophy Fasciculations

44
Q

acensding tract that brings proprioceptive ifno from turnk and limbs

A

spinocerebellar

45
Q

cuneate fasciulus

A

carries epicritc from DML and dorsal spinocerebellar

46
Q

The motor cortex projects to the ___ pathways

A
  1. direct pyramidal 2. indirect – brainstem pathways (also projects to the basal ganglia)
47
Q

how does the basal ganglia controls both the direct and indirect pathways?

A

via projections of the GP to the VA and VL in the thalamus and then back to the mtoor and premotor cortex

48
Q

if lesion of the spunal cord, which side is it on?

A

same side unless pain and temp loss

49
Q

brainstem X, it will be on the same side as the ___ sx

A

most rostral since the most rostal sx will cause damage to the cranial nerve nucleus

50
Q

brainstem X, it will be on the opposite side as the ___ sx

A

descending sx

51
Q

if forebrain X the sx will be

A

opposite the lesion

52
Q

if cerebellum X the pathology will be on the ___ side

A

same

53
Q

in what state is msucles noramlly?

A

they are never totally relaxed (this is normal tone)

54
Q

muscle tone is maintained by what factors

A

1.sensry neuons form msucle spindle 2. corticospinal and inidrect pathways (maintain baseline excitcity)

55
Q

When the resting contraction of the muscle is less than normal, the tone is called ____

A

“hypotonic”

56
Q

axons from the ___ of each retina cross

A

nasal (temporal visual field)

57
Q

the optic tract wraps around the

A

thalamus and the crus cerebri

58
Q

pathways of optic tracts

A
  1. to lgn in thalamus
  2. in the brahcium of the superior colliclus to terminate on the pretectal area
  3. superior colliculus
59
Q

Axons carrying information about the upper half of the visual field pass ____ and terminate in the ____

A

pass deep to the cortex of the temporal lobe and terminate in the calcarine sulcus

60
Q

carrying information about the lower half of the visual field pass deep to the ____ lobe

A

parietal

61
Q

axons carrying information about the lower half of the visual terminate in the cortex forming the

A

superior bank of the calcarine sulcus or the cuneaus gyrus

62
Q

the _____ this pathway governs long-term reactions to light, e.g., resetting daily biological rhythms, detecting seasonal changes in light.

A

Hypothalamus

63
Q

the pretectal nuclei are interconnected via the____

A

posterior commissure

64
Q

he pretectal nucleus functions like a ____

A

light meter

It receives bilateral input from the two eyes and it contains cells that calculate the total light energy entering the eye.

65
Q

Edinger-Westphal nucleus is the ___ component of IIII nucleus

A

parasympathetic

66
Q

function of pregnaglionic EQ axons

A

project with CN IIII to contrisct pupil

67
Q

CN 8 terminates in ____

A

the dorsal and ventral cochlear n.

68
Q

the dorsal and ventral cochlear n. lie in the

A

inferior cerebellar peducnle

69
Q

second order neurons arise in the cochlear nuclei, and project to several nuclei,

and to both sides of the brain crossing mainly in the

A

trapezoid body in the caudal PONS

70
Q

projections of cochlear nulcie are

A
  1. superior olive
  2. other nuclei like nuclei of trapezoid body, nucleus of lateral lameniscus etc
71
Q

Much of the lateral lemniscus terminates in the

A

inferior colliculus.

72
Q

No matter what ncueli the cochlear n. project to, all ifnromation ends up in the

A

lateral leniscus

73
Q

The inferior colliculus in turn projects to the ___

A

MGN by the inferior bracium of the inferior colliculus

74
Q

MGN projects auditory ifnromation to

A

heschls gyrus

75
Q

earliest level of bilateral miing of information from the two years

A

second order neurons (after the cochlear ncueli)

76
Q

the left Heschl’s gyrus receives projections from the right Heschl’s gyrus through the

A

corpus callosum

Neuroanatomy Lab (36 decks)

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