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Neuroanatomy Lab > Section 6 Notes > Flashcards

Section 6 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

axons from the base of the pons go to the cerebellum via the

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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2
Q

cranial nerves evident on the surface of the basis of the pons are

A

5, 6, 7, 8

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3
Q

CN ___ pierces the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

trigeminal

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4
Q

what does the superior cerebellar peduncle carry?

A

axons from the cerebellum to the

  1. brainstem
  2. forebrain
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5
Q

landmarks on the dorsal surface of the pons (floor of the 4th ventricle)

A
  1. vestibular areas
  2. facial colliculus (abduscens is below as well as the facial nucl;eus)
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6
Q

landmarks of the transition to the medulla to the pons

A
  1. pryamids disasppear
  2. striated appearence of the basis of the pons (pyramidal tract still embedded here)

dorsally

  1. vestibular nuclei
  2. blending of the inferior cerebellar peduncle with white matter of the cerebelum
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7
Q

the corticospinal axons form part of the ___ in the midbrain

A

crus cerebri

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8
Q

what does the middle cerebellar receiveinput from

A

primarily the pontine nuclei, which receive input from the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

the axons of the superior cerebellar peduncle arise from the

A

deep cerebellar nuceli

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10
Q

_____ comprises much of the gore gray matter of the tegmentum

A

pontine reticular formation

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11
Q

pontine reticular formation controls functions like

A

eye movements, sleep, arousal

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12
Q

desribe the relationship to the absudcens and facial nuceli in the pons.

A

facial ncuelsu is more rostral and lateral but loops caudally around the abduscens forming the genu of the facial nerve (causes the bump or the facial colliculus)

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13
Q

function of the reticular formaiton in the pons near trigeminal motor n.

A

invovled with chewing responses

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14
Q

function of the reticular formaiton in the pons near facial nucleus

A

invovled with lip movements and facial expression

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15
Q

function of the reticular formaiton in the pons near abduscens nculei

A

invovled in coordinating eye movement

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16
Q

The raphe nuclei of the pons (serotonergic) project rostrally throughout the forebrain and modulate responses of___ and ___

A

hypothalamic and cerebral neurons.

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17
Q

noradrenergic neurons within the pons send projections to the spinal cord and are involved in___ and ___

A

autonomic reflexes and pain sensation.

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18
Q

where is the locus cereuleus located?

A

rostral pons and caudal midbrain

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19
Q

___ contains melanin granules

A

locus cerulues

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20
Q

what is the importance of locus ceruleus?

A

produce norepeinphrine

important for vigilance

important for responsive ness to unexpected stimuli in the environment

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21
Q

projections from the locus ceruelus

A

to:

  1. spinal cord
  2. cerebral cortex
  3. cerebelar cortex
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22
Q

Approximately half of the second order neurons of cochlear nuclei

send axons across the midline, through the region containing the ____

A

medial lemniscus

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23
Q

what is the trapezoidal body?

A

contains crossing auditory axons and the medial lemniscus

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24
Q

auditory axons from the cochlear nuclei, no matter if they cross or not, synapse in the

A

supeiror olive and other auditory nuclei

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25
Q

what does each lateral lemniscus carry?

A

auditory signals from both ears

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26
Q

function of motor nucleus of cn 5?

what does X cause?

A

control the muscles of the jaw

X causes atrophy of ipsilateral jaw muscles. jaw deviates to the same side of the lesion

27
Q

Principa Sensory Nucleus of CN 5 function

A

processes epicritc from the face

(unlike the spinal trigem in medulla which gets pain and temp)

28
Q

input of the mtoor nculeus of 5

A

mesencephalic tract of CN 5 carries proprioceptive info from the mesenepahlic nulceus of 5 in the pons

29
Q

e mesenepahlic nulceus of 5 sends information to the cerebellum via the

A

reticular formation

30
Q

medial lemniscus tract terminates in the

A

vpl

31
Q

ALS terminates in the

A
  1. some in the reticular formaiton
  2. some in the periaqueductal gray
  3. vpl and intralaminar nuclei and others
32
Q

pyramidal tract leaves the cortex via the

A

posterior limb of the internal capsule

33
Q

where do corticobulbar axons cross?

A

cross right at their target nuclei (not at the decussations)

34
Q

sx of MLF X

A

a horizontal nystagmus or a loss of conjugate horizontal eye movements

35
Q

paramedian pontine reticular formation is located in the

A

reticular formaiton of the pons

36
Q

paramedian pontine reticular formation is involved in

A

conjugate horizontal eye movements

37
Q

3 output of the vestibular nuclei

A
  1. CN that move eyes: 3,4,6
  2. spinal cord – vestibulospinal tracts (maintain posture)
  3. cerebellum – via the inferior cerebellar peduncle
38
Q

ROmberg’s sign

what is it

what causes it

A

loss of balance more proncounced when patients eyes are closed

seen with vestibular nuclei damage in the pons

39
Q

what is innervated by the facial nucleus in the pons

A

the facial muscles, the stapedius, auricularis, and stylohyoid muscles and the posterior belly of the digastric.

40
Q

X facial nucelus in the pons

A
  1. paralysis of ipsilateral facial muscles
  2. drying of cornea due to loss of parasymps of lacrimal
  3. loss of corneal reflex
  4. painful sensitivity to sound due to weakness of stapedius
41
Q

lesions to corticobulbar axons projecting to the facial nucleus

A

contralateral facial paralysis below the forehead

42
Q

describe the spinal nucleus and tract in the medulla vs pons

A

in the medulla: pain and temp from face on same side

pons: carry epicritic from the face

43
Q

function of the princeipal nucleus of cn 5

A

epicritic of head and neck

44
Q

epicritc sensation from head and neck

pathway from the CN 5 entering the pons

A

synapses in the principal sensory nucelus of cn 5

travels cross midline

trigeminothalamic axons travel to medial lemniscus

termiantes in the VPM

45
Q

principal sensory nucelus of cn 5

X symptoms

A

loss of vibration, position sense, and reduced sens eof touch on the ispialteral side of face

46
Q

X of motor ncuelus fo CN 5

A
  • jaw juts sideways when protruded
  • paraylsis of ipsilateral muscles of masticaiton
47
Q

inferioer cerebellum carries info from the

A

spinal cord and medulla

48
Q

pontine neurons relay information to the ____ middle cerebellar peduncle

A

contralaterla

49
Q

____ is the main outflow of the cerebellum

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

50
Q

axons from the superior cerbellar peduncle arise from the ___

A

deep cerebelllar ncueli

51
Q

axons from the superior cerbellar peduncle arise (from the deep cerebellar nuclei) then go to the

A

tegmentum of the pons

then most ross in the decussation of the superior peducnles

52
Q

targets of the axons from the superior cerbellar peduncle

after crossing in the decussation of the superio cerbellar peduncel?

A
  1. reticular formation
  2. red nculeus (midbrain)
  3. ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei
53
Q

input of the deep crebellar nuclei

A

mostly form the cortex

54
Q

output of the deep cerebellar ncueli

A

brainstem

55
Q

medial deep crebellar ncueli

A

fastigial and globose

56
Q

lateral deep cerebellar ncueli

A

emboliform and dentate

57
Q

____ deep cerebellar receive a bulk of connectiosn from AXIAL RELATED STRUCTURES

A

medial (fastigial and globose)

58
Q

____ deep cerebellar receive a bulk of connectiosn from APPENDICULAR RELATED CONTROL

A

EMBOLLIFORM AND DENTATE

59
Q

midline parts of the cerebellum include the

A

vermis and flocculus

60
Q

lateral pathology of the cerebeluum is located in the

A

hesmipheres

61
Q

The cerebellum has no direct connections to cranial nerve nuclei or the spinal cord.

the right cerebellar projections are to the vestibular nuclei which affect the ____ side of the body

A

right

  • cerebellar information about the right side of the body is sent to the left red nucleus and left VA and VL nuclei in the thalamus. The left red nucleus is the origin of the rubrospinal tract, which crosses *
62
Q

what nuclei are in the pons

A

cranial nerves –

  1. abduscnes
  2. facial nuclei
  3. motor part of trigem
  4. principal sensory of trigem
  5. vestibular nulcei.
  6. spinal nucleus of trigem (carry epicritc)

other –

  1. pontine reticular formation nuclei
  2. superior olivary n.
63
Q

what major tracts run through the pons?

A
  1. medial lemniscus - carry epicritic from opposite side of the body (crosses in medulla)
  2. ALS
  3. pyramidal tracts
  4. corticobulbar and cortciopontine tracts - to ponhtine nuclei or other nuclei
  5. MLF

Neuroanatomy Lab (36 decks)

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