S5: Internal and External Anatomy of the Medulla

Question 1

Answer 1

Fasciculus cuneatus

function: carries ipsilateral epicritic sesnory from the UPPER HALF of the body
pathology: loss of epicritic below lesion on the SAME SIDE

Question 2

Answer 2

fasciulus gracilis

carries ipislateral epicritic sensory from LOWER HALF of the body

pathology: loss of epicritic sensation below the lesion ON THE SAME SIDE

Question 3

Answer 3

Nucleus gracilis

function: epicritc sensory, 2 point position, vibration, tactile for movement requiring fast sensory feedback
pathology: “dorsal column signs” loss of epicritic sensory for trunk and limb

inaccurate movements

Question 4

Answer 4

Nucleas Cuneatus

function: epicritic somatosensory for upper trunk and limb on the SAME SIDE
pathology: in medulla: loss of 2 point vibration, position, tactile form sense, inaccurate movements

Question 5

Answer 5

spinal nucleus of 5

function: somatosenoy for head and neck
pathology: loss of pain and temeprature senses on the same side of the head

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Rubrospinal tract

function: distal motor control
pathology: ipsilateral loss of distal motor control below the X

Question 8

Answer 8

Extrapyramidal tracts: vesitbulospinal reticulospinal, and tectospinal

function: proximal motor contorl
pathology: loss of proximal motor control below the lesion if damaged bilaterally along with the anterior corticospinal tract

Question 9

Answer 9

Decussation of the pyramids

Question 10

Answer 10

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

function: carries proproreceptive info. dstined for the cerebellum from the LOWER HALF OF THE BODY
pathology: controls ipsilateral muscle coordination but not obvious sx result from pathology

Question 11

Answer 11

hypothalamoreticulospinal tract

function: carries rpegang symps to the intermediolateral cell column
pathology: ipsilateral horners syndrome

Question 12

Answer 12

dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve

function: parasymps for heart, lungs, GI
pathology: inc in HR, subtle effects

Question 13

Answer 13

Hypoglossal

pathology: tongue points to side of the lesion

Question 14

Answer 14

medullary pyramids

corticospinal axons (before they crossed in decussations!)

Question 15

yellow

Answer 15

decussation of pyramids

corticospinal tract crossing over here

Question 16

what cranial nerves are around here?

what nuclei does it have?

Answer 16

olive

CN - hypoglossal exits between olive and the pyramids

the vestibulocochlear its between depression of the pons and the olive

nuclei - inferior olive n. which receives information from most areas of cerebral cortex, the red nucleus, and from the spinal cord and sends it to the cerebellum via the inferior peduncle

Question 17

what does the inferior olive do? where is it?

Answer 17

inferior olive is in the olive complex in the medulla

sends axons from the cortex, red nucleus, and spinal cord to cross the midline and go to the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 18

4’

input?

what does damage to this cause?

Answer 18

inferior cerebellar peduncle

receives input from opposite infeiror olive nulcei in medulla

often seen with PCA stroke. damage causes

1. ataxia
2. intention tremor to the ipsilateral side of the body
3. lean towards side of the lesion
4. clumsiness of ipsilateral hand

Question 19

10

Answer 19

cuneate tubercle

carry somatosensory and proprioceptive information

Question 20

Answer 20

gracile tubercle

have gracile nucleus

carry somatosensory and proprioceptive information

Question 21

Answer 21

cuneate nucleus

Question 22

Answer 22

reticular formation

Question 23

Answer 23

nucleus ambiugous

Function:
Motor innervation of IPSI. muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx and upper esophagus.

Deficits:
Lesion of nucleus ambiguus results in atrophy (lower motor neuron) and paralysis of innervated muscles, producing nasal speech, dysphagia, dysphonia, and deviation of the uvula toward the CONTRA

Question 24

Answer 24

gracile nucleus

Question 25

Answer 25

cuneate fasiculus

Question 26

Answer 26

dorsal motor nucleus of X

Question 27

Answer 27

hypoglossal n.

Question 28

Answer 28

medial longitudinal fasciulus

Question 29

Answer 29

medial lemniscus

input - gracile or cuneate input on the other side

Question 30

Answer 30

medullary pyramid

Question 31

Answer 31

raphe nuclei

Question 32

Answer 32

inferior olive complex

Question 33

Answer 33

solitary nucleus

pathology – loss of taste on side of the lesion

Question 34

Answer 34

spinal trigem nucelus

Question 35

Answer 35

tract of spinal trigem

Question 36

Answer 36

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 37

Answer 37

ALS

Question 38

axons going through here..

Answer 38

olivio-cerebellar axons

Question 39

Answer 39

HRST

Question 40

Answer 40

Pyramids

Question 41

Answer 41

medial lemniscus

Question 42

Answer 42

inferior olive

Question 43

Answer 43

MLF

Question 44

Answer 44

cuneate nucleus

Question 45

Answer 45

solitary nucleus

Question 46

Answer 46

dorsal nculeus of vagus

Question 47

Answer 47

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 48

Answer 48

ALS

Question 49

Answer 49

spinal trigem tract

Question 50

Answer 50

HRST

Question 51

Answer 51

hypoglossal nuclei

Question 52

Answer 52

reticular formation

Question 53

Answer 53

inferior olive

Question 54

Answer 54

medial lemniscus

Question 55

Answer 55

medulla pyramids

Question 56

Answer 56

ALS

Question 57

Answer 57

HRST

Question 58

Answer 58

rubrospinal tract

Question 59

Answer 59

spinal nucleus of 5

Question 60

Answer 60

spinal tract of 5

Question 61

Answer 61

vestibular nucleus

Question 62

Answer 62

MLF

Question 63

Answer 63

dorsal cochlear nucleus

Question 64

Answer 64

ventral cohclear nucleus

Question 65

Answer 65

raphe nculeus